April 1, 2020 | BY David Vergun , DOD News
The Battle of Okinawa, which began 75 years ago, was the
last major battle of World War II — and the bloodiest of the Pacific campaign.
At dawn on Easter Sunday, April 1, 1945, a fleet of 1,300
U.S. ships and 50 British ships closed in for the invasion of the island, which
is part of Japan's southernmost prefecture.
The battle lasted three months and involved four U.S. Army
and two Marine Corps divisions.
The landings were relatively unopposed because the Japanese
refused to fight on the beaches. Instead, they withdrew into caves in the rocky
hills to force a battle of attrition, according to John Ray Skates, a historian
with the Center of Military History.
The Japanese strategy worked, he said. "U.S. casualties
were staggering, the largest of the Pacific war."
More than 12,000 U.S. soldiers, sailors and Marines died
during the fighting.
In the waters around Okinawa, the Japanese launched the largest
kamikaze, or suicide, attack of the war. Japanese planes rammed into allied
ships, sinking 26 and severely damaging 168. Almost 40% of the U.S. dead were
sailors lost to these attacks, Skates said.
The Japanese military suffered even more, with around
100,000 killed, including many who committed suicide. Around the same number of
Okinawan civilians were killed or committed suicide.
Among the Americans killed was Army Lt. Gen. Simon Bolivar
Buckner Jr., who was killed by Japanese artillery fire. He was the highest
ranking military officer killed during the entire war.
The Battle of Okinawa was a series of battles, including the
battle for Hacksaw Ridge. An Army medic during that battle rescued 75 of his
wounded comrades. For his valor, Cpl. Desmond T. Doss was awarded the Medal of
Honor. What makes his service so unique is that he was a conscientious objector
who refused to carry a weapon or kill the enemy. A 2016 movie, "Hacksaw
Ridge," chronicles his story.
The Allies planned to use Okinawa as a base to attack
mainland Japan, dubbed Operation Downfall. However, on Aug. 15, 1945, Japan
announced its unconditional surrender, thereby avoiding further bloodshed.
In 1972, the U.S. returned Okinawa to Japanese control.
Today, Japan is a valued ally of the United States.
No comments:
Post a Comment