Safeguarding Our Defenses: The Top Ten Cyber Threats Confronting the United States Military

In the modern era, as technology evolves and becomes increasingly intertwined with military operations, the United States military faces a myriad of cyber threats that endanger national security. Understanding and mitigating these threats is paramount to maintaining military readiness and safeguarding critical infrastructure. Here are the top ten cyber threats confronting the United States military:

1. Nation-State Cyber Espionage: Adversarial nations, including Russia, China, and North Korea, engage in cyber espionage to steal sensitive military intelligence, technological innovations, and classified information.

2. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): APTs are sophisticated cyber attacks orchestrated by skilled adversaries with the aim of infiltrating military networks, exfiltrating data, and maintaining unauthorized access over extended periods.

3. Insider Threats: Malicious insiders or unwitting personnel pose a significant risk by exploiting their access privileges to compromise sensitive information, sabotage operations, or facilitate cyber attacks from within military organizations.

4. Ransomware Attacks: Cybercriminals deploy ransomware to encrypt military systems and demand ransom payments in exchange for decryption keys, disrupting operations and compromising data integrity.

5. Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: Weaknesses in the military supply chain, including subcontractors and third-party vendors, present opportunities for adversaries to inject malicious code, counterfeit components, or exploit vulnerabilities to compromise military systems.

6. Critical Infrastructure Attacks: Cyber attacks targeting critical infrastructure, such as power grids, transportation networks, and communication systems, can have cascading effects on military operations and national security, disrupting essential services and compromising resilience.

7. Weapon System Vulnerabilities: With the integration of networked technologies into weapon systems, vulnerabilities in software, firmware, and hardware pose risks of exploitation, manipulation, or sabotage, compromising the effectiveness and reliability of military capabilities.

8. Insider Trading: Cybercriminals exploit stolen or compromised military data for financial gain through insider trading, leveraging classified information to manipulate markets or profit from illicit activities.

9. Social Engineering and Phishing: Adversaries employ social engineering tactics and phishing emails to deceive military personnel into disclosing sensitive information, compromising credentials, or inadvertently installing malware, enabling unauthorized access to military networks.

10. Disinformation Campaigns: Hostile actors engage in disinformation campaigns to spread false narratives, manipulate public opinion, and undermine confidence in military institutions, exploiting social media platforms and online forums to sow discord and confusion.

Addressing these cyber threats requires a multifaceted approach encompassing robust cybersecurity measures, continuous monitoring, threat intelligence sharing, personnel training, and collaboration with government agencies, industry partners, and international allies. By staying vigilant and adaptive, the United States military can effectively counter cyber threats and uphold national security in an increasingly digital battlefield.

The Abrams Charter: A Landmark Document Shaping the U.S. Military

The Abrams Charter is a landmark document that has significantly influenced the United States military's organization, strategies, and capabilities. Named after its author, General Creighton W. Abrams Jr., the charter laid the foundation for modernizing and reforming the U.S. Army after the tumultuous experiences of the Vietnam War. In this article, we explore the origin, history, and lasting impact of the Abrams Charter on today's U.S. military.

Origin and Historical Context:

The Abrams Charter was formulated in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, a conflict that posed immense challenges to the U.S. military. During the war, the U.S. Army faced various issues, including inadequate training, lack of public support, and a demoralized force. Recognizing the need for transformative changes, General Abrams, who succeeded General William Westmoreland as the commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam in 1968, embarked on a mission to address these shortcomings.

Development and Key Principles:

General Abrams outlined his vision for the future of the U.S. Army in a document known as the "Abrams Charter." This document, drafted in 1971, sought to address the challenges faced during the Vietnam War and proposed a series of principles and reforms to revitalize the Army.

Some of the key principles of the Abrams Charter included:

1. Manpower and Training: The charter emphasized investing in the professional development and training of soldiers. It advocated for a better-trained, well-disciplined, and more cohesive force.

2. Technological Advancements: Recognizing the importance of technological superiority on the battlefield, the charter called for increased research and development of advanced military equipment and weapons.

3. Combined Arms Doctrine: The Abrams Charter emphasized the importance of combining infantry, armor, artillery, and other combat arms in unified and integrated operations, enhancing the overall effectiveness of military units.

4. Mobility and Flexibility: The charter highlighted the need for enhanced mobility and flexibility to counter various threats effectively, focusing on expeditionary warfare capabilities.

5. Improved Command and Control: The document stressed the importance of effective command and control structures, facilitating better coordination and decision-making in military operations.

Effect on Today's U.S. Military:

The Abrams Charter's profound influence on the U.S. military landscape cannot be overstated. Its principles and recommendations laid the groundwork for significant reforms that continue to shape the military's structure and approach to warfare.

Today, the U.S. military, particularly the Army, incorporates many of the concepts outlined in the charter:

1. Training and Professionalism: The U.S. military places a strong emphasis on training and professionalism, ensuring that its soldiers are well-prepared for the complexities of modern warfare.

2. Technological Advancements: The U.S. military remains at the forefront of technological advancements, continuously developing and adopting cutting-edge equipment and systems.

3. Combined Arms Doctrine: The principle of combining different combat arms in unified operations is integral to the U.S. military's approach to joint warfare.

4. Mobility and Flexibility: The U.S. military maintains highly mobile and flexible forces capable of rapidly responding to a wide range of threats and contingencies.

5. Command and Control: Effective command and control structures ensure seamless coordination among military units, enabling better decision-making and execution of operations.

Conclusion:

The Abrams Charter stands as a pivotal document in the history of the U.S. military. General Abrams' vision for reform and modernization has had a lasting impact, shaping the U.S. military into the highly professional, technologically advanced, and agile force it is today. The principles laid out in the charter continue to guide the U.S. military's evolution, ensuring it remains a formidable and adaptable force capable of defending the nation's interests at home and abroad.

Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III Commemorates 50th Anniversary of America's All-Volunteer Force: A Testament to Courage and the Power of Democracy

Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III marked the 50th anniversary of America's All-Volunteer Force with a statement praising the dedication and commitment of those who have chosen to defend the nation. Since the end of the draft on July 1, 1973, the United States military has been filled solely by brave Americans who voluntarily step forward to protect the republic.

Secretary Austin acknowledged that transitioning to an All-Volunteer Force was a bold move, as no other military with such formidable capabilities had operated on a voluntary basis. However, history has proven the wisdom of relying on dedicated volunteers. The All-Volunteer Force has strengthened the armed forces, combining both moral and military power. It has successfully recruited and retained patriotic and talented individuals from diverse backgrounds, resulting in a more professional and effective Joint Force. Today, America's All-Volunteer Force stands as the strongest military in human history, setting the global standard for military professionalism.

The Secretary emphasized that the All-Volunteer Force not only produces exceptional soldiers, sailors, airmen, marines, and guardians but also nurtures leaders in various fields. Service members develop their skills while serving and contribute to society as doctors, mechanics, teachers, computer technicians, and more. Their knowledge and expertise are passed down to future generations, creating a legacy of service and excellence. The All-Volunteer Force demonstrates the extent of what Americans can achieve when they commit themselves to serving others, giving back to their communities, and safeguarding their country's security and justice.

Secretary Austin also reiterated the sacred obligation of the United States to care for every patriot who has worn the nation's uniform and their families. The commitment to providing support and assistance remains steadfast as the country pays tribute to every American who selflessly raises their hand to serve and protect the republic. The Secretary concluded by acknowledging that the service of the members of the All-Volunteer Force is a testament to their courage and to the power of democracy.

As the United States commemorates the 50th anniversary of the All-Volunteer Force, it is a time to reflect on the contributions and sacrifices made by the men and women who have freely chosen to defend their nation. Their dedication has built a military force unmatched in history and serves as a shining example to the world. The All-Volunteer Force stands as a testament to the strength, resilience, and unwavering commitment of the American people.

The Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence in the United States Military

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the United States military has revolutionized warfare, offering new capabilities and strategic advantages. However, with this technological advancement comes the responsibility to ensure the ethical use of AI in military operations. This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the deployment of AI in the US military and the steps taken to uphold ethical principles.

1. Defining Ethical Parameters: The ethical use of AI in the military requires clear definition and adherence to parameters that safeguard human rights, international laws, and moral principles. Establishing guidelines for the development, deployment, and use of AI systems is crucial to prevent misuse and minimize unintended consequences.

2. Human Control and Responsibility: Maintaining human control and oversight over AI systems is essential to ensure accountability and prevent the loss of human judgment in critical decision-making. Humans must retain ultimate responsibility for the actions and outcomes of AI systems, particularly in situations involving the use of force.

3. Transparency and Explainability: Promoting transparency and explainability in AI systems is vital to foster trust and mitigate concerns over opaque decision-making processes. The military must strive for understandable and interpretable AI algorithms, allowing for meaningful human review and accountability.

4. Bias and Discrimination: Addressing bias and discrimination in AI systems is crucial to uphold ethical standards. The US military must ensure that AI algorithms and data training sets are free from biased assumptions or discriminatory practices, preventing unjust outcomes and reinforcing equality.

5. Minimizing Civilian Harm: The ethical use of AI in military operations demands a commitment to minimizing civilian harm. Careful consideration must be given to the potential risks and unintended consequences of AI deployments to prevent unnecessary suffering and collateral damage.

6. International Laws and Regulations: The United States military must operate within the framework of international laws and regulations governing armed conflicts. AI systems should be developed and used in compliance with established principles, such as the Geneva Conventions, to protect the rights and welfare of all individuals involved in conflicts.

7. Ethical Decision-Making Processes: Incorporating ethical decision-making processes into the development and deployment of AI systems is crucial. This involves engaging interdisciplinary experts, including ethicists, legal professionals, and social scientists, to assess and address the potential ethical implications of AI technology.

8. Continuous Evaluation and Adaptation: Ethical considerations surrounding AI in the military require continuous evaluation and adaptation. Regular assessments, audits, and oversight mechanisms should be in place to monitor AI systems, identify potential ethical concerns, and implement necessary changes to ensure adherence to ethical standards.

Conclusion: The ethical use of artificial intelligence in the United States military is a complex and ongoing endeavor. Striking a balance between technological advancements and ethical considerations is crucial to maintain the moral integrity and effectiveness of military operations. By upholding transparency, accountability, and respect for human rights, the US military can harness the potential of AI while mitigating risks and fostering a responsible and ethical approach to its deployment.

U.S. Will Stand By Deep Commitments in Asia, Gates Pledges

By Donna Miles
American Forces Press Service

May 31, 2008 - The United States has deep, historic ties to Asia and the Pacific and has no intention of turning its back on the region now or in the future, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates reassured Asian leaders here today. "For those who worry that Iraq and Afghanistan have distracted the United States from Asia and developments in this region, I would counter that we have never been more engaged with more countries," Gates said during his keynote address at the 7th annual Asia Security Summit.

The summit, known as the Shangri-La Dialogue after the hotel where it is held, brings together defense ministers, chiefs of staff and other senior security policy-makers from more than 20 Asian nations each year to discuss regional security concerns. Joining Gates at his second summit are Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Navy Adm. Timothy J. Keating, commander of U.S. Pacific Command.

Gates pointed to longstanding U.S. ties to the region dating to the 19th century and the multiple roles the United States continues to play today. He called any speculation that the United States is losing interest in the region "either preposterous or disingenuous, or both."

"The United States military – even with its ongoing operations in Afghanistan and Iraq – remains engaged with most Asian governments, doing more things in more constructive ways than at any time in our history," he said.

This engagement "has added consistent value to the Asian security equation" for more than 60 years and that continues to be a major force in regional security, he said. "The security of all Asian countries – whether large or small – is strongly and positively enhanced by a strong U.S. presence."

Gates hailed broad developments that have propelled Asia's rise to become "the center of gravity in a rapidly globalizing world."

The United States not only welcomes that rise, but also, by its continued presence in the region, it has helped to make it possible, he said. "This presence has offered other nations the crucial element of choice and enabled their entry into a globalized international society," he said.

Shared globalization and the economic strength it's brought the region have been possible only because of openness – of trade, of ideas and of access to maritime, space and cyber domains, he said. He cited the need for continued common use of these so-called "common spaces" in ways that continue to drive mutual prosperity, and the need to play by internationally accepted rules.

Gates emphasized the importance of alliances in the region that he said are transforming to fit 21st-century realities.

"Our relations with partners and friends, and our engagement in Asia, are more and more the fabric that binds together what is becoming a web of relationships, including our growing ties with India and our increasing engagement with China," he said.

Asked during a question-and-answer session if the United States will lose interest in Asia in light of other commitments around the world, Gates insisted that it won't.

"Partly we won't lose interest because we are an Asian power," he said. "We are a resident power. We have been here a long time. And we will continue to be here – not only because we have sovereign territory in the area, ... but because we have some very longstanding relationships here."

Regardless of who wins the upcoming U.S. presidential election, Gates said, he's confident that the United States will continue to build on the overlapping and longstanding security partnerships in Asia.

"As the next administration calibrates and refines these important relationships, it is bound to be guided by a single imperative: to make each of our links more relevant, more resilient, more responsive and more enduring," he said.

Progress toward that end during the past eight years has "positioned the next administration in a very strong way looking to the future as you look at this part of the world," he said.

Gates tried to allay concerns that security demands in Europe and the Middle East could divert future U.S. attention from Asia. He said he's aware of no one in the U.S. political arena who doesn't attach high priority to the U.S. relationships and role in Asia.

"I believe that future presidents will sustain an American military that can protect our interests and our friends in all three of those regions," Gates said. "As a global power with global interests and friends and allies around the world who look to us for support, we will sustain those capabilities."

Looking to the future, Gates said the United States will play many roles in Asia in the decades ahead, as circumstances require.

"We will be a protector if that is required in the context of our security alliances," he said. "We will be one who brings humanitarian assistance when that is required. We will partner in training and equipping as that is required.

"So I think it is a very broad-based set of relationships and roles that we have out here," he said. "But I think we see ourselves most broadly as partners and collaborators in Asia in the 21st century."

Bush, Gates Honor Military Spouses at White House Ceremony

By Donna Miles
American Forces Press Service

May 6, 2008 - President Bush and Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates paid tribute today to about 1,100 military spouses who gathered for a Military Spouse Day celebration at the White House, where Bush promised to continue pushing for more benefits for military families. Following a tradition President Ronald Reagan established when he declared the first Military Spouses Day in 1984, Bush said he believes "we need to recognize military spouses every day."

"One way we can repay the service of our spouses is by making the burdens of military life a little easier," he told the group, who enjoyed breakfast at red-and-white-checkered tables dotting the White House's South Lawn.

Bush noted that he signed a change to the Family and Medical Leave Act into law this year, drawing applause from the group. The law allows a spouse, parent, child or next of kin to take up to 26 weeks of leave from work to care for a seriously injured or ill servicemember undergoing therapy or treatment.

Referring to last week's revelations of poor housing conditions at Fort Bragg, N.C., Bush promised to do better. "When we find substandard housing, we'll take care of it," he told the spouses.

Bush said he's hoping Congress moves quickly to pass legislation he sent to Capitol Hill to ease some of the burdens military families face. These initiatives, announced during Bush's State of the Union address in January, would expand access to child care, create new authorities to appoint qualified spouses into civil service jobs, and provide educational opportunities and job training for our military spouses.

But the initiative that drew the most cheers from the crowd would amend the Montgomery GI Bill to allow troops to transfer their unused education benefits to their spouses or children.

"This legislation is moving. I hope to be able to sign it as quickly as possible," the president told the spouses. "It is the absolute right thing to do. It should send a clear message that we care for you, we respect you, and we love you."

Bush thanked military spouses who stand behind their loved ones serving the country during wartime. "Whether you signed up for military life at the recruiting station or at the altar rail, each person -- each person's a volunteer," he said. "And when you married your soldier, sailor, airman, Marine or Coast Guardsman, you became more than just part of a family. You became part of our nation's military family."

The life of a military family is no easy calling, the president said. It involves frequent moves, living far from extended families, and saying goodbye to a spouse who goes off to serve on the front lines in the battle to secure the United States and spread freedom.

"Being left behind when a loved one goes to war has got to be one of the hardest jobs in the United States military," Bush said, noting the challenges of holding down the home front while praying for a loved one's safe return.

"In carrying out the burdens, you're serving our country, and it's noble service, and it's necessary service," he said. "The United States of America owes you a huge debt of gratitude. And so, on behalf of our people, thank you for what you're doing."

Bush said he's impressed during his visits to military bases to see how military families take care of each other.

"What I found is that there's always a close-knit community, people who are sharing a special bond and people who take time to look out after people," he said. "It's been an amazing experience to see the fabric of our military communities firsthand."

Gates said he makes it a point during his visits to military facilities to meet with families of deployed troops, most recently last week at Fort Bliss, Texas. "I'm always tremendously impressed by your sacrifice, resilience and fortitude," he said.

The secretary said he first heard of the idea of expanding the Montgomery GI Bill to benefit military families while meeting with Army spouses at Fort Hood, Texas, and that Bush quickly announced the proposal.

"That's how much we respect what you have to say," Gates told the group. He praised military families as the "power behind the power" who serve along with their loved ones and help them be successful.

"While our men and women in uniform may be called to pay the highest price, their families, and particularly their spouses, make a considerable sacrifice as well," he told the group. "Thank you for all you do to make their service possible."

Amanda Villiers, wife of Army Staff Sgt. Stan Villiers, called Bush's and Gates' messages to the spouses particularly meaningful after enduring her husband's two deployments to Iraq.

"It's nice to be here and see that we are a part of something bigger," she said. "Our husbands are out there fighting, but we are holding down the home fronts. ... It's nice to have that recognized, ... and to have the commander in chief say a personal 'thank you' to you."

Alex Loudon, wife of Navy Command Master Chief Petty Officer Michael Dyer, said she was impressed by Bush's sincerity and believes he has military families' interests at heart. "I feel he genuinely cares about military families," she said.

After just over three years as a Navy wife, Loudon said, she's been "amazed at the way military families are able to stand, and stand strongly," particularly during deployments.

"It's much harder than I ever thought it would be," she said. "The servicemember supports the family, but the family supports the servicemember, too. It's a two-way commitment."

Argero Straub, whose husband, Marine Corps 2nd Lt. John Straub, is attending his Officer Basic School at Quantico Marine Corps Base, Va., said it felt good having the nation's leaders recognize military spouses.

"We do a lot supporting our husbands and what they do," she said. "It's nice to have someone take notice and know we are contributing, too."

Laura Battle, wife of Marine Sgt. Christopher Battle, and Joann Quick, wife of Marine Staff Sgt. Timothy Quick, both well into their pregnancies, joined their friend Crystal Ottinger, wife of Marine Staff Sgt. James Ottinger, to reflect on the president's message.

"It means a lot to see how he appreciates the families, as well as the men who are serving," Battle said.

"And all the support the wives give, and how they support each other," Quick added.

"All the sacrifices of our men and women in uniform could not be possible without the families," agreed Janet Devinney, whose husband, Navy Cmdr. Edward Devinney, is slated to take command of USS Cole later this year. "Families are the unsung heroes. We don't get the recognition or the medals or the awards. But what we do is important."

Heather Lalor, wife of Coast Guard Lt. Michael Lalor, called it "very humbling" to be recognized at the White House and to be part of America's extended military family.

"I'm thoroughly excited and quite honored," she said. "It's neat to be a part of it."

America Supports You: Foundation Offers Military Families Financial Help

By Samantha L. Quigley
American Forces Press Service

Jan. 11, 2008 - Servicemembers on extended deployments can rest easier knowing that if their family experiences an unexpected financial emergency, help is available. The American Soldier Foundation was created to assist servicemembers on extended duty and their families, Daniel Wright, the organization's president, said. Assistance also can extend to families of those killed in the line of duty.

"We believe that the lives of the men and women keeping our country safe should not be any harder than they have to be," Wright said. "The foundation can provide grants or interest-free loans for medical expenses, education, funeral expenses, marriage counseling, financial planning and a wide variety of other services."

Through its Web site, the organization also offers resources for education, family life, employment and personal finance. Military families can get advice on whether to buy or rent a home, check current mortgage rates or even determine how much a skill set is worth in different job markets.

The American Soldier Foundation recently became a supporter of America Supports You, a Defense Department program connecting citizens and corporations with military personnel and their families serving at home and abroad.

"I think the (affiliation) with America Supports You will provide a lot of exposure for a cause that can never be paid too much attention," Wright said. "There is no more valiant, heroic and, regrettably, too often a thankless job in this world than a (servicemember) in the United States military.

"It is because of these individuals that the rest of us can go to work, raise our families, and keep this country," he added.

USS Essex Sailors, Marines Build Friendships in Cambodia

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Dec. 6, 2007 - The visit of the USS Essex to Sihanoukville, Cambodia, Nov. 26 to Dec. 4 is a concrete example of the importance of military-to-military ties between countries. The Essex and the embarked 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit was part of a "friendship-building event" with the Kingdom of Cambodia, said Chief Petty Officer Tyler A. Swartz, the public affairs officer for the effort.

The 2,400 sailors and Marines learned about Cambodian history and trained with members of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces.

Cambodia is a desperately poor country struggling to recover from war and genocide. It was a battleground in the latter stages of the Vietnam War, and in the 1970s the Khmer Rouge ruled the nation. During the regime of Pol Pot, between 1.7 million and 3 million Cambodians died, including hundreds of thousands of people who were executed. The era brought the term "Killing Fields" into the world's vocabulary.

The government is now a constitutional monarchy and is working to be a full member of the community of nations. Cambodia is working with other nations on counterterrorism initiatives and overcoming transnational problems, such as the flow of narcotics and crime.

But the government is weak, and government control in many areas of the country is tenuous, DoD officials said. The United States military wants to work with the Cambodian armed forces to help them face the challenges in their country.

The Essex visit is the latest U.S. Defense Department effort to reach out to the Cambodians. During the port visit, Essex medical personnel working with the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces and non-governmental organizations were able to see more than 5,000 patients at Kulen and Kampong Cham, Swartz said. Medical and dental services in Cambodia included eye surgery, dispensing drugs, pulling teeth and oral hygiene education.

During the port visit, sailors and Marines engaged, taught and attended classes at the Cambodian National Defense University. Marines provided anti-terrorism training for Cambodia's national counterterrorism task force, Swartz said. The training enhanced the force's ability to conduct sustained counter terrorism training and gave Cambodia capabilities to participate in future military exchange programs.

The Essex crew also distributed several pallets of Project Handclasp material. Project Handclasp is a U.S. Navy program that provides donated items like books, clothes, toys and medical items to agencies and organizations in countries that could benefit from those materials.

The next step is to increase the number of Navy port visits to Cambodia, defense officials said.

JCOC: Memorial Brings Home Sacrifice for Civilian Visitors
By Fred W. Baker III
American Forces Press Service

Nov. 8, 2007 - Robert Perkowitz stepped up seven concrete stairs to a towering memorial and placed a flowered wreath at its base. In his pocket was a military coin given to him by a Special Forces buddy in the hospital recovering from a gun battle in Afghanistan.

In his heart swelled a deep appreciation for his friend's service and the sacrifices of the nearly 17,000 dead American servicemembers whose graves are marked by white cross headstones dotting the 152-acre Manila American Cemetery and Memorial.

"I felt like I owe something back to all these people who have done so much for us who just benefit from what they've done," Perkowitz said.

The executive from Charlotte, N.C., is part of the Joint Civilian Orientation Conference. The group flew to the capital city of the Philippines today on the third stop of a week-long expedition through U.S. Pacific Command. The JCOC is a defense secretary-sponsored program for influential civilian business and civic leaders who want to broaden their knowledge of the military and national defense.

The group was briefed on U.S. operations in the country at the embassy and lunched with members of the Philippine navy. Afterward, they were treated to an exhibition of the navy's terrorist-interdiction skills. The final stop this afternoon was at the memorial honoring servicemembers buried there. It was a sobering end to what has been to this point a wide-eyed and exciting tour of military might in the Pacific. More than 16,600 U.S. military members are buried here, along with 570 Philippine nationals who served with the U.S. forces. Most died defending the Philippines during World War II.

Perkowitz called his desire to honor those who have fought and died a "profound and internal thing."

"When Tom (his friend) got shot up, it just brought it all home to me personally. The war in Afghanistan is kind of abstract and remote. We don't really feel it. We don't really notice it," he said.

Perkowitz said his father served in the Korean War and he had friends who served in Vietnam and Desert Storm. But it was the near death of his friend and the finality of those who gave their lives buried here that compels him to somehow give something back.

"Everybody I know has always come back. And you come here, and there are people from every state, ... every walk of life. We all have something in common with them; we're all Americans. But they all died. And in America there's not really any sacrifice that we're giving," he said.

Joining Perkowitz in the wreath-laying were three other Joint Civilian Orientation Conference participants. It was a simple but somber occasion that brought home for many in the group the reality of the ultimate sacrifice that the young servicemembers they have met along the trip may one day face.

Joan Weiner, a professor of management at Drexel University, in Philadelphia, said her participation was a mark of respect for those who died.

As she helped lay the wreath at the memorial, Weiner was thinking of her husband's buddies who died in World War II. Weiner's husband, Gil, died in February. He flew B-24 bombers in Europe during the war. Her husband never talked a lot about the war, but did share some stories about his buddies who didn't come home, Weiner said.

"I was thinking of them and some of the names he talked about and how they died," she said.

"And thinking that this could have easily been the place where their final resting place was. This could easily have been the place were he died. And how do we work, ... how do we learn, how do we teach, what do we do to make a difference in not having it continue to happen?" Weiner said.

For Weiner, the memorial pulled together the meaning of everything the group had seen on their tour of military bases and in their meetings with servicemembers up to this point.

"It's all very good. It's all really good stuff to keep us safe, to deal with things, but the consequences of not being successful are right here. It pulled it together," she said.

Paul Dimitruk, the chief executive of a Los Angeles corporation, has three sons serving in the military. One, a Marine helicopter pilot, returned from Iraq on Nov. 4. By participating in the ceremony, Dimitruk wanted to honor not only those who died, but also the sacrifices of his sons' generation, he said.

"You have to recognize when you see places like this that when your children go to war, they are in harm's way. They may not come back. You may get what our fathers' generation ... called 'the knock at the door,'" Dimitruk said. "That's the same sacrifice parents are facing today when their sons and daughters go to war. So, yes, it does bring it home. But we have to honor both generations, : those who served in this Great War -- World War II -- and those who are serving now, for really the same purpose, the same cause, and the same values.

"There's real continuity in the values between 'the Greatest Generation' and our children today who are serving," Dimitruk said.

Denis Bilodeau, a city council member in Orange, Calif., has no direct ties to the military. But, he said he still felt compelled to show his respect for those who served.

"I felt it was the utmost sign of respect for all the servicemen that are interred here. And I just thought it would be a special thing to do," he said. "It is just sort of overwhelming when you see the sacrifices that these servicemen and women made in the '40s for our freedoms."

Bilodeau said he feels many in the United States take for granted the country's freedoms earned by the blood of those who died to preserve them.

"To come here and see the sacrifices made by all these people -- it's just humbling and overwhelming to see all the people that sacrificed their lives for us," he said.

Bilodeau agreed that the memorial visit helped frame the service of those he has met on the trip in context with the overall importance of U.S. military support in the region.

"I think it puts it all in perspective in terms of why the United States military is here and why it should be here and here to stay for the long term," he said. "There were a lot of sacrifices made to liberate these islands, and I think it's important that we maintain democracy here so the sacrifices won't have to be made again."

Defense Department Will Not Relent in MIA Efforts, Leaders Pledge

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Sept. 21, 2007 - The United States military will "neither forget our duty to bring home all POWs and MIAs, nor relent in our efforts to do so," Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates said here today. The secretary, along with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Marine Gen. Peter Pace, spoke at the POW/MIA Day ceremony at the Pentagon today.

Roughly 30,000 Americans alive today were once held as prisoners of war, Pace said. Millions of Americans have taken the oath to become servicemembers, he said, but few "have been called to sacrifice the way our prisoners of war have been called to sacrifice and to be tested in the belief in that oath."

The general spoke of the incredible way that former prisoners of war fulfilled their oaths, and he said they hand a legacy of service to servicemembers today.

"We hope and pray that if we were to be in the same state that they were in, that we might discharge our duties as well as they have discharged theirs," Pace said. "That legacy spurs us on to serve this nation out of respect for their honor and their service."

Gates gave a special welcome to former POWs in the audience and to the families of Americans still listed as missing in action.

"Missing-in-action status is marked by ambiguity and uncertainty, a severe test of spirit and resolve for anyone seeking closure," he said. "Your attendance today proves once again that the bond of love transcends the passage of time, that while our nation's heroes may remain missing in body, they are always present in spirit."

The POW/MIA commemoration is a time to remember and recommit, the secretary said. The day will be linked to the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks by coincidence of the calendar, but when the day was chosen it was picked because it was unconnected to any specific war or cause, Gates said.

But, he added, it is also fitting that POW/MIA Day be linked to Sept. 11.

"Throughout our nation's history, it has always fallen to the men and women of the armed forces to respond to aggressors and adversaries; to endure arduous and Spartan conditions; to risk life and limb on the battlefield; to make the sacrifices that are, in the final analysis, both our nation's tragedy and our glory," he said.

Servicemembers have again answered the call to duty and are fighting a conflict that is global in scope and generational in duration, Gates said. "And, as in the past, the honor, courage and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform will be our nation's glory," he said. "As in the past, losing them on the battlefield is ever our tragedy."

Gates paid special tribute to four soldiers missing in action during Operation Iraqi Freedom: Staff Sgt. Matt Maupin, captured April 9, 2004; Spc. Ahmed Altaei, captured Oct. 23, 2006; and Spc. Alex Jimenez and Pvt. Byron Fouty, both captured May 12, 2007. "They may not be well known to the public, but within the brotherhood of arms, they will never be forgotten or left behind," Gates pledged.

"These men are the latest additions to the ranks of tens of thousands who remain missing from previous conflicts," the secretary said. "And they are the latest additions to the ranks of those we remember today."

Pace spoke about the families of those missing in action. "Our families, although they never stood in a formation or raised their right hand, ... especially the families of our missing in action, serve our nation as well as anyone who has ever worn the uniform," he said.

The families of the missing "are sacrificing in ways that only those sacrificing with them can possibly understand," he continued. "I don't know how any of us can ease that pain, but I hope in some small way, formations like this today and personal prayers might bring peace and comfort to the families of those missing in action and those members of the armed force who are MIA."

Army NCO Urges Public to Support Troops

By Gerry J. Gilmore
American Forces Press Service

Sept. 7, 2007 - The U.S. military is battling terrorists in Afghanistan and Iraq so Americans don't have to fight them in the homeland, a senior air-defense noncommissioned officer said. If we're not over there solving that problem now, it's definitely going to be on our front door," Army Sgt. 1st Class Steven M. Adams told American Forces Press Service.

Adams, 34, has served in Afghanistan, Iraq and Qatar, and is currently assigned to U.S. Space Command, at Peterson Air Force Base, Colo. He is among an elite group of soldiers trained to operate the Joint Tactical Ground Station, a deployable air-defense system that warns servicemembers of incoming enemy-fired ballistic missiles, while forwarding information to friendly counter-strike units.

"We'd alert servicemembers: 'Hey, this is coming your way, you need to take the proper precautions,'" Adams said.

The missile-warning system employs infrared sensors, in tandem with orbiting satellites and mobile ground-based units to detect missile launches, Adams explained. Development of the system was put on the front burner when an Iraqi-launched Scud missile destroyed a barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 28 U.S. servicemembers on Feb. 25, 1991. The U.S. Air Force manages a counterpart missile-alert system, he noted.

"I believe in the current duty that I have very much," Adams, who hails from East Point, Ga., said. "It's a much-needed asset, and I really enjoy doing what I do."

Being a soldier or a member of any branch of the military is a good place to be, said Adams, noting that he also relishes the mentoring part of his job.

"I enjoy watching my NCOs and myself coach, teach and mentor" younger soldiers to make them more proficient and successful, Adams explained.

And, the U.S. military is an organization that attends to the well-being of each of its members, he added.

"Never will you find the camaraderie that we have in the United States military," Adams said. "It's the things you can't find on a recruiting poster that really sell the Army."

Adams is one of eight servicemembers who have served overseas in the war on terror who were selected to speak to American community groups and businesses across the nation as part of the Defense Department's "Why We Serve" public-outreach program.

The Why We Serve program "is a great opportunity" that enables U.S. servicemembers to go out and talk to the American people, Adams said.

After completing training at the Pentagon in early July, Adams embarked on a series of public-speaking engagements at civic organizations and veterans gatherings across the country.

"I usually speak for 10 minutes and then I open it up for question-and-answer sessions," he explained.

Some citizens convey their misgivings about wartime reporting by the news media, Adams said. Others ask him for "the ground truth" about what really is happening in Iraq and Afghanistan, he added.

Adams' main message to the public is: "Stay the course and support the troops."

The veteran NCO said he is very pleased with the quality of the soldiers he works with, noting his career field places great responsibility upon its members.

Soto Cano Task Force Arrives in Peru

By Senior Airman Shaun Emery, USAF
Special to American Forces Press Service

Aug. 18, 2007 - A team of airmen and soldiers from Joint Task Force Bravo at Soto Cano Air Base, Honduras, arrived here yesterday to provide medical care to those suffering in the aftermath of a magnitude 8.0 earthquake that devastated the region Aug. 15. The task force is the first American force to touch down in Pisco, joining other relief personnel from all over the world. Members of the Soto Cano Medical Element are equipped to treat up to 500 people without resupply.

"We will be able to provide basic medications, treat minor wounds, as well as perform a few minor or major surgeries," said Lt. Col. (Dr.) Robert Rush, the medical element's chief of surgery.

As citizens of Pisco begin the tedious process of reconstruction, there is a chance for additional injuries, officials said.

"If we need to treat additional traumas as people sift through rubble and debris, we will be able to take on those cases as well," Rush said.

In an area where basic medical care is in short supply, members of Joint Task Force Bravo are ready to provide everything they can.

"This is an opportunity for the United States military to use its medical care capabilities in an austere environment," said Air Force Tech. Sgt. Jesus Antillon, assistant noncommissioned officer medical technician charge for the element. "This is what we train for. It is the reason we conduct exercises for all different scenarios -- so we can support other nations in times of need."

The Soto Cano task force, which comprises about 30 U.S. military personnel, includes a mobile surgery team, communications specialists and a small security detail.

(Air Force Senior Airman Shaun Emery is assigned to Joint Task Force Bravo Public Affairs.)

Joint Chiefs Chairman Optimistic About Relations With China

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

March 21, 2007 – On the eve of his first trip to China, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said today he is optimistic about relations with the world's largest communist nation. Marine Gen. Peter Pace said trade can be a way for the United States and all countries of the region to become more closely tied and to better understand one another. Pace spoke during a news conference here.

In a 39-year career, the chairman has served around the periphery of China: Vietnam, Thailand, Korea and Japan. When he started his career in 1967, the United States didn't have diplomatic relations with what was then known as "Red China." Today, the People's Republic of China is working with the United States in the Six-Party Talks on the North Korean nuclear program, China's economy is growing at 8 percent a year, and the country is the United States' largest overseas trading partner.

The trade situation is important even from a military perspective, Pace said. "The more economic ties we have with each other, the more dependent you become on each other, the more you understand each other, the less the likelihood of miscalculations or misunderstandings," he said.

Pace said part of his responsibility as the top-ranking military officer in the United States is to understand the military capacities of nations around the world and to ensure that the United States military has the capacity to adjust and prevail over any adversary. It doesn't matter what country that is, he said, but he stressed the distinction between "capacity" and "threat."

"From a purely military standpoint," he explained, "a threat is defined as a capacity coupled with intent. There are many countries around the world that have the capacity to do harm, but they don't have the intent to do harm."

Pace said he will meet with Chinese military leaders and discuss new ways to work together. He said he would like to see more maritime search-and-rescue exercises with the Chinese, something that the two countries have held in the past. He called those exercises good confidence-building measures.

The general added that he'd also like to see the contacts between China and the United States reach more ranks. For example, he said, he would like to see junior officers from the United States and China attend the same schools.

"When you get to know each other and know how each other thinks, you build trust and confidence," he said. "I'm looking for ways to respect China as a nation that deserves respect."

He said he will work with his Chinese counterpart to be "more transparent with each other."

Article sponsored by military and police personnel who have authored books as well as criminal justice online leadership.

Navy Writers Added

January 31, 2007 (San Dimas, CA) Military-Writers.com, a website listing current, former and active United States Military personnel who have authored books, added two former naval personnel who co-authored a novel.

Leroy E. "Skip" Vogel was born in Bruno, Saskatchewan, Canada, but spent most of his childhood in Nebraska and Minnesota. After graduating from Concordia University, St. Paul, Minnesota, he enrolled at Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri, where he was awarded the degree of Master of Divinity. He later earned the Master of Sacred Theology degree at Lutheran Theological Seminary in Philadelphia and pursued doctoral studies at Harvard University. Skip served for 20 years in the United States Navy, and retired as a Captain. He served on major ships of the line, at the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, and at various Naval Stations in the United States and abroad, including Antarctica. He participated in numerous key missions in Southeast Asia, and was awarded an array of medals and decorations.

His co-author, Jerome "JD" Hamilton made a dual contribution to this novel. He is the persona of its leading character, Lain Byrd. In addition, his diary and "letters home" retained from Navy days were integral to shaping the novel's story line and developing the profiles of the leading characters. JD served as a Yeoman in the Navy for four consecutive Commanding Officers aboard a major ship of the line and completed several deployments to the Mediterranean and South America. Following his service, he completed the Department of Defense Industrial Security Training program and was employed by a large federal contractor in Washington, D.C. He currently resides with his wife and three children in Cabot, Arkansas, where he has established three entrepreneurial businesses. His most recent venture involved developing a new data base locator (http://www.tractorfax.org) involving the agricultural and construction equipment industry. He is currently writing a novel of his own reflective of another aspect of Navy life.

In the 1980s, Skip further pursued his interests in history and religion, writing a book titled History, Harmony, and the Hebrew Kings. He taught courses in religious history, public policy, and politics and American life at Concordia Seminary. Skip and his wife, Gloria, live in retirement in Spring Valley, Minnesota. He has four children and twelve grandchildren.

According to the book description, “Skip Vogel's CONSTANT BEARING - DECREASING RANGE: The Collision of Public Policy and National Defense, is a compelling character-driven story of intrigue, tragedy, honor, and humor within the U.S. Navy as it was undermined by the questionable efforts of American politicians and social engineers as they attempted to integrate low aptitude personnel and criminals into our naval forces, and the unfortunate consequences that resulted from these policies.”

Military-Writers.com now list eight former military personnel and their eleven books.