By Gerry J. Gilmore
American Forces Press Service
June 2, 2009 - The United States and the Republic of Turkey remain steadfast allies and friends in a modern-day relationship that stretches back decades, the U.S. military's top officer said here yesterday. The U.S. and Turkish governments worked together during the Cold War to surmount "some big, big challenges," Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said during his keynote remarks at the 28th Annual Conference on U.S.-Turkish Relations dinner held at the Gaylord resort and convention center at National Harbor, Md.
The annual conference provides a forum for U.S. and Turkish government, military, commerce and academia leaders to discuss issues and opportunities in the two nations' mutual interest.
Turkey fought on the allied side with the United States during World War II and joined the United Nations after the war. The then-Soviet Union's demands to place military bases in the Turkish Straits prompted U.S. President Harry S. Truman to establish the Truman Doctrine in 1947, which spelled out America's intent to preserve Turkey's sovereignty, and that of Greece, which was then experiencing communist-inspired civil strife. Turkey joined NATO in 1952 and its soldiers fought alongside U.N. troops during the Korean War.
The relationship between the United States and Turkey today is "exceptionally strong" and "vitally important," Mullen said. Turkey has deployed troops to Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom since 2001.
Turkey is a secular Muslim republic of some 70 million citizens. U.S.-Turkish relations soured in March 2003 after Turkey's parliament declined to allow U.S. forces to pass through southern Turkey into northern Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
However, Mullen said, the United States in recent years has provided more support to Turkey in its fight against Kurdistan Workers' Party terrorists, known by the acronym PKK. The PKK wants to establish a socialist, Kurdish state, parts of which would include southeastern Turkey and northeastern Iraq; both regions have majority-Kurdish populations.
The increased American support for Turkey in its battle against the PKK, Mullen pointed out, has contributed toward a vast improvement of U.S.-Turkish relations.
Mullen also cited President Barack Obama's early April visit to Turkey's capital of Ankara, where he addressed the Turkish parliament.
Obama told Turkish legislators that he supports Turkey's desire for membership in the European Union and that he appreciates Turkey as a partner in the fight against terrorism. The president also praised Turkey for enacting many societal reforms, including the lifting of prohibitions on Kurdish teachings and broadcasts.
Turkey also has good relations with Pakistan, Mullen said, noting that he has discussed that issue with senior Turkish military leaders, including Gen. Ilker Basbug, the chief of the Turkish General Staff.
The Pakistani military is currently engaged in an offensive against Taliban militants that operate in Pakistan's northwestern region near its border with Afghanistan.
Basbug, too, hailed U.S.-Turkish relations during remarks he made prior to Mullen's speech.
"Turkish-United States' cooperation in various areas has become a 'must,'" Basbug said, for resolving thorny regional issues. Terrorist-inspired violence, he said, constitutes the key threat that all peace-loving nations must confront together.
Turkey's strategic location amid Europe and the Middle East, Basbug said, means that the United States could benefit from Turkey's "soft power" diplomatic credentials to help settle problems in its "immediate neighborhood."
Wrapping up, Mullen recounted his first experiences with the "open and warm" Turkish people during a military assignment in the early 1970s.
"We need your friendship," Mullen told the mostly-Turkish audience. "We need your support."
Tuesday, June 02, 2009
Mullen Fights for Mental Health Funding on Capitol Hill
By Donna Miles
American Forces Press Service
June 2, 2009 - With increasing pressure on the defense budget, the top military officer called increased mental health care services for returning combat troops a priority that can't be allowed to fall by the wayside. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen told a forum of congressional staffers today the military has made big strides in providing more and better mental health support for servicemembers suffering from post-traumatic stress, traumatic brain injuries and other mental health challenges.
"But this continues to be an enormously challenging issue," he said, noting the stigma too many still attach to seeking care.
Mullen cited the "exceptionally high" military suicide rate as a sobering gauge of challenges facing the force. Early statistics indicate the Army's suicide rate continues to rise, topping what Mullen conceded in 2008 was a "record year."
"But it's not just the Army," he told the group. "The suicide rate is up in every single service."
Mullen acknowledged there's no hard-and-fast analytical data that cites a direct correlation between combat deployments, combat stress and suicide rates. "But I just can't believe that it is not very much related," he said.
Mullen called suicide prevention a leadership issue and said it's up to leaders, buddies and families to recognize the first signs of problems in their fellow soldiers or loved ones and steer them to get help.
"The leadership in all the services is addressing this issue very strongly," he said. "When leaders apply themselves, we can make a big difference."
Pointing to new and recently enhanced mental health services, Mullen said the emphasis now is to get more people who need help to seek it without fear of being stigmatized.
One way to do that, he said, might be to institute mandatory baseline screening. "I think we need to get to a point where everyone is screened," he said. "Baselines can go a long way toward removing the stigma."
The military has hired more mental health professionals to provide this care, but Mullen said it's still short of what it needs.
"We have taken significant steps to improve those numbers," he said. In light of a nationwide shortage of these professionals, he said, the military needs to be more creative in finding ways to attract them, possibly through tuition assistance programs or by tapping into volunteers willing to work pro bono.
"I am just not one who says that because we are short in America, we ought to be short in the military," Mullen said. "If that is the case, then there is no way I can close that gap, and I just don't accept that.
"We have to be more creative about how we incentivize individuals ... to help us reach out to these young people who have mental health challenges and provide that type of service to them."
As he emphasized the importance of mental health services, Mullen also described efforts aimed at reducing stress on the force by increasing "dwell time" at home between deployments.
Many troops currently have as little 12 months at home between 12-month deployments.
"I can actually see the light at the end of the tunnel over the next 18 to 24 months where we are going to move toward twice as long at home as when ... deployed," Mullen said.
When he refers to "home time," Mullen said he means time troops spend at home with their families – not off at a military school or in the field training for their next deployment. "Home tempo means, 'How many nights am I sleeping in my own bed?'" he said.
Mullen called these and other initiatives to reduce stress on the force and provide the mental health support services many of its members need an obligation that can't be compromised.
"We have to stay on this issue," he said. "We have to continue to look to support those ... who we are asking to do so much, who have done so much, sacrificed so much, made such a difference, and figure out a way to make sure we are taking care of them."
American Forces Press Service
June 2, 2009 - With increasing pressure on the defense budget, the top military officer called increased mental health care services for returning combat troops a priority that can't be allowed to fall by the wayside. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen told a forum of congressional staffers today the military has made big strides in providing more and better mental health support for servicemembers suffering from post-traumatic stress, traumatic brain injuries and other mental health challenges.
"But this continues to be an enormously challenging issue," he said, noting the stigma too many still attach to seeking care.
Mullen cited the "exceptionally high" military suicide rate as a sobering gauge of challenges facing the force. Early statistics indicate the Army's suicide rate continues to rise, topping what Mullen conceded in 2008 was a "record year."
"But it's not just the Army," he told the group. "The suicide rate is up in every single service."
Mullen acknowledged there's no hard-and-fast analytical data that cites a direct correlation between combat deployments, combat stress and suicide rates. "But I just can't believe that it is not very much related," he said.
Mullen called suicide prevention a leadership issue and said it's up to leaders, buddies and families to recognize the first signs of problems in their fellow soldiers or loved ones and steer them to get help.
"The leadership in all the services is addressing this issue very strongly," he said. "When leaders apply themselves, we can make a big difference."
Pointing to new and recently enhanced mental health services, Mullen said the emphasis now is to get more people who need help to seek it without fear of being stigmatized.
One way to do that, he said, might be to institute mandatory baseline screening. "I think we need to get to a point where everyone is screened," he said. "Baselines can go a long way toward removing the stigma."
The military has hired more mental health professionals to provide this care, but Mullen said it's still short of what it needs.
"We have taken significant steps to improve those numbers," he said. In light of a nationwide shortage of these professionals, he said, the military needs to be more creative in finding ways to attract them, possibly through tuition assistance programs or by tapping into volunteers willing to work pro bono.
"I am just not one who says that because we are short in America, we ought to be short in the military," Mullen said. "If that is the case, then there is no way I can close that gap, and I just don't accept that.
"We have to be more creative about how we incentivize individuals ... to help us reach out to these young people who have mental health challenges and provide that type of service to them."
As he emphasized the importance of mental health services, Mullen also described efforts aimed at reducing stress on the force by increasing "dwell time" at home between deployments.
Many troops currently have as little 12 months at home between 12-month deployments.
"I can actually see the light at the end of the tunnel over the next 18 to 24 months where we are going to move toward twice as long at home as when ... deployed," Mullen said.
When he refers to "home time," Mullen said he means time troops spend at home with their families – not off at a military school or in the field training for their next deployment. "Home tempo means, 'How many nights am I sleeping in my own bed?'" he said.
Mullen called these and other initiatives to reduce stress on the force and provide the mental health support services many of its members need an obligation that can't be compromised.
"We have to stay on this issue," he said. "We have to continue to look to support those ... who we are asking to do so much, who have done so much, sacrificed so much, made such a difference, and figure out a way to make sure we are taking care of them."
Obama Picks McHugh as New Army Secretary
By Gerry J. Gilmore
American Forces Press Service
June 2, 2009 - President Barack Obama today announced that Congressman John McHugh is his choice to become the next Secretary of the Army. Obama praised McHugh as "a distinguished public servant who will help keep us safe and keep our sacred trust with our soldiers and their families."
McHugh, a Republican who represents constituents in far-northern New York State, which includes the Army base at Fort Drum, is the senior member of his party on the House Armed Services Committee.
"John has proven himself a dedicated representative of the people in northern New York," Obama said. The 10th Mountain Division that's based at Fort Drum, he said, is the most-deployed division in the U.S. Army.
McHugh "is committed to keeping America's Army the best-trained, the best-equipped (and) the best-led land force the world has ever seen," Obama said.
The president noted that McHugh's father served with distinction aboard a B-17 bomber during World War II, while his mother cared for wounded servicemembers through the Nurse's Corps.
McHugh said he is "enormously moved and deeply proud" to be nominated as the next Secretary of the Army.
The Army has "always had a special place in my heart," McHugh said.
McHugh's nomination must be approved by the U.S. Senate.
American Forces Press Service
June 2, 2009 - President Barack Obama today announced that Congressman John McHugh is his choice to become the next Secretary of the Army. Obama praised McHugh as "a distinguished public servant who will help keep us safe and keep our sacred trust with our soldiers and their families."
McHugh, a Republican who represents constituents in far-northern New York State, which includes the Army base at Fort Drum, is the senior member of his party on the House Armed Services Committee.
"John has proven himself a dedicated representative of the people in northern New York," Obama said. The 10th Mountain Division that's based at Fort Drum, he said, is the most-deployed division in the U.S. Army.
McHugh "is committed to keeping America's Army the best-trained, the best-equipped (and) the best-led land force the world has ever seen," Obama said.
The president noted that McHugh's father served with distinction aboard a B-17 bomber during World War II, while his mother cared for wounded servicemembers through the Nurse's Corps.
McHugh said he is "enormously moved and deeply proud" to be nominated as the next Secretary of the Army.
The Army has "always had a special place in my heart," McHugh said.
McHugh's nomination must be approved by the U.S. Senate.
MILITARY CONTRACTS June 2, 2009
NAVY
Lockheed Martin Corp., Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co., Fort Worth, Texas, is being awarded a $2,106,525,040 modification to definitize the previously awarded Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) air system low rate initial production Lot III advance acquisition contract (N00019-08-C-0028) to a cost-plus-incentive-fee/award-fee contract. This modification provides for the procurement of 7 Air Force conventional take off and landing (CTOL), 7 Marine Corps short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL); 1 CTOL for the Netherlands, and 2 STOVLs for the United Kingdom. In addition, this modification provides for the associated ancillary mission equipment and technical/financial data. Work will be performed in Fort Worth, Texas, (35 percent); El Segundo, Calif., (25 percent); Warton, United Kingdom, (20 percent); Orlando, Fla., (10 percent); Nashua, N.H., (5 percent); and Baltimore, Md., (5 percent), and is expected to be completed in Dec. 2011. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract combines purchases for the U.S. Air Force ($857,116,227; 40.7 percent); the U.S. Marine Corps, ($877,797,887; 41.7 percent); and the Governments of the Netherlands, ($119,666,120; 5.7 percent) and United Kingdom, ($251,944,806; 11.9 percent). The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity.
MKI Systems, Inc. is being awarded $6,294,200 for task order 0074 under previously awarded firm-fixed-price contract (M67854-02-A-9008). The scope of this effort is to provide programmatic acquisition, logistics, and administrative support to the program manager, Training Systems (PM TRASYS), located at the Central Florida Research Park, Orlando, Fla., in response to the internal reorganization of PM TRASYS and expanding training systems requirements for individual and collective training systems, and program and administration support. As part of PM TRASYS's increasing role supporting Marine Corps Systems Command's and the Operational Forces' training needs, PM TRASYS requires additional technical support services to plan, field, and sustain training systems Marine Corps wide. This effort will help to ensure planned and unplanned funding allocations are effectively and efficiently utilized through a programmatic approach with improved investment strategies to obtain the highest quality training available. Administrative, logistics, and acquisition initiatives are in response to the increasing support requirements centered on simulated and virtual training environments infusing of new technologies with established procedures. PM TRASYS support includes providing added program, logistics, and administrative support for the determination of training methodologies, implementation, and technical documentation for acquisition of training and training systems. Work will be performed< name="OLE_LINK1"> in Orlando, Fla., and work is expected to be completed in Jun. 2010. Contract funds in the amount of $4,381,959 will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Marine Corps System Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity.
Correction: Contract awarded to Raytheon Technical Services Co., Norfolk, Va., for $15,501,285, should have stated that the contract funds will not expire before the end of the current fiscal year.
AIR FORCE
The Air Force is terminating for convenience the System Development and Demonstration Contract for the HH-47 Combat Search and Rescue Recovery Vehicle Program with the Boeing Co., of Ridley Park, Pennsylvania for $712,156,535. This contract termination is a result of the CSAR-X program cancellation directed by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (FA8629-07-C-2350).
The Air Force is awarding an indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contract to Northrop Grumman Space & Mission systems Corp., of Herndon, Va., for a maximum of $49,900,000. This contract action will operate, maintain and enhance existing capabilities; and design, implement, and integrate new capabilities based on new technologies to meet an ever-increasing challenge to provide the timely, accurate and actionable intelligence products and information required by our warfighters in a reliable, responsive, efficient and cost effective manner as specified in each Performance Work Statement for the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. At this time $199,394 has been obligated. AFRL/RIKE, Rome, New York is the contracting activity (FA8750-09-D-0182).
ARMY
Smiths Detection, Inc., Edgewood, Md., was awarded on May 29, 2009, a $77,635,232.15 commercial firm-fixed-price contract for Joint Chemical Agent Detector (JCAD) Increment I-Power communications adapter kits. Work is to be performed at Edgewood, Md., with an estimated completion date of Sept. 30, 2010. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Research Development and Engineering Command, Acquisition Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground Contracting Division, Edgewood Division, APG, Md., is the contracting activity (W911SR-07-C-0054).
Korte Construction Co., dba The Korte Co., St. Louis, Mo., was awarded on Jun. 1, 2009, a $15,122,000 firm-fixed-price contract to design/build a Base Realignment and Closure Armed Forces Reserve Center at McAlester, Okla., with an estimated completion date of Oct. 30, 2010. Bids were solicited on the web with ten bids received. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, Louisville, Ky., is the contracting activity (W912QR-09-C-0039).
Lockheed Martin Information Systems & Global Services, Tinton Falls, N.J., was awarded on Jun. 1, 2009, a $11,256,860 time and materials contract for a period of performance extension (1 Jun. 2009 through 30 Nov. 2009) for necessary Global Command and Control System – Army (GCCS-A), maneuver control system, and joint convergence software support. The additional time is needed to provide time for the competitive follow-on acquisition's task orders and all necessary transition efforts. There were significant delays in the award of the competitive follow-on, which was awarded five months later than initially anticipated. Work is to be performed at Tinton Falls, N.J., (about 60 precent), and Springfield, Va., (about 40 precent), with an estimated completion date of Nov. 30, 2009. One sole source bid was solicited with one bid received. CECOM Acquisition Center, Fort Monmouth, N.J., is the contracting activity (W15P7T-06-C-N401).
Manson Construction Co., Seattle, Wash., was awarded on May 29, 2009, a $23,485,000 firm-fixed-price contract for 2009-2011 transitional and maintenance dredging for Port of Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska. Contract is to perform transitional dredging of an estimated 2,450,000 cubic yards of virgin materials, including removal of boulders and other unknown obstructions for the barge facility and north and south extension. Perform maintenance dredging of approximately 4,000,000 cubic yards of shoal materials for the existing Port, Barge facility and North and South Extension of Anchorage Harbor. Work is to be performed at Fort Detrick, Md., with an estimated completion date of May 22, 2011. Bids were solicited on the Web with three bids received. U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska, Contracting Division, Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska is the contracting activity (W911KB-09-C-0022).
John C. Grimberg Co., Inc., Rockville, Md., was awarded on May 29, 2009, a $21,087,000 firm-fixed-price contract for the Navy Medical Biological Defense Research Laboratory at Fort Detrick, Md. The requirement is for the construction of a new biomedical research laboratory at the National Interagency Bio-Defense Campus. These facilities will support special laboratory systems, specialized mechanical and bio-waste areas, and administrative space. Estimated completion date is May 22, 2011. There were 180 registered on the vendor's list with 10 bids received. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Baltimore, Md., is the contracting activity (W91238-09-C-0038).
Raytheon Co., Andover, Mass., was awarded on June 1, 2009, a $6,515,375 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to provide mission support and system sustainment for various configurations of rapid aerostat initial deployment tower systems. Work is to be performed at Andover, Mass., with an estimated completion date of Dec. 31, 2009. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Contracting and Acquisition Management Office, Huntsville, Ala., is the contracting office (W9113M-08-C-0153).
Alliant Tech Systems, Plymouth, Minn., and Textron Defense Systems, Wilmington, Mass., were awarded on May 29, 2009, in a Joint Venture, a cost-plus-incentive-fee/firm-fixed-price (Hybrid) contract for the procurement of the Spider XS-7 networked munitions low rate initial production phase three materials with long vendor production times. Work is to be performed at Wilmington, Mass., (50.1 precent), and Plymouth, Minn., (49.9 precent), with an estimated completion date of Nov. 30, 2012. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Contracting Command JM&L Contracting Center, Picatinny Arsenal, N.J., is the contracting activity (W15QKN-06-C-0154).
BAE Systems, Tactical Vehicle Systems Limited Partnership, Sealy, Texas, was awarded on May 28, 2009, an $11,520, 423.98 firm-fixed-price and cost-reimbursement contract for a modification for the procurement of fuel tank fire suppression as a ceiling priced charge order for 5,300 vehicles on contract and obligating 49.5 precent of the ceiling price. Work is to be performed at Sealy, Texas, with an estimated completion date of Dec. 31, 2010. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Tank and Automotive Command, Warren, Mich., is the contracting activity (W56HZV-08-C-0460).
BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Mass., was awarded on May 27, 2009, a $10,316,561 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to exercise Option 1 for research in quantum information science. Work is to be performed in Cambridge, Mass., (61.2 precent), Arlington, Va., (29.1 precent), and Yorktown Heights, N.Y., (9.7 precent), with an estimated completion date of May 27, 2009. Six bids were solicited and six bids received. Defense Research Projects Agency, Arlington, Va., is the contracting activity (HR0011-06-C-0051).
CCI Group, Inc., Anchorage, Alaska, was awarded on May 28, 2009, a $6,250,598 firm-fixed-price contract to repair airfield payments at Bangor Air National Guard Base, Bangor, Maine, by replacing the remaining portion of an existing aircraft parking apron and repairing the apron in front of Building 542. The project includes installation of approximately 4,200 cubic yards of Portland Cement Concrete, 37,300 tons of Bituminous Cement Concrete, drainage structures, deicing system piping and controls. Work is to be performed at Bangor, Maine, with an estimated completion date of Oct. 5, 2009. Bids solicited: One offeror eight (a) sole source; Bids Received: One offer received. National Guard Bureau is the contracting activity (W912JD-09-C-0002).
AeroVironment, Inc., Monrovia, Calif., was awarded on May 28, 2009, a $5,437,556 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract in which AeroVironment, Inc., (AV) offers DARPA the Stealthy, Persistent, Perch and Stare Air Vehicle System (SP2S). The (SP2S) system fills the need for close-range surveillance and reconnaissance missions. This system also combines the strategic capability of stealthy operations with mission-adaptable perch and stare observation modes. The current SP2S Phase 11B program ends with delivery quantity five (5) Block 0 systems and the initial military user evaluation (LTE). The purpose of the LTE is to verify the utility of such a small VTOL perch and Stare system (currently no such system exists). It is also the first opportunity to identify the shortfalls and areas within the system that require improvements or design changes to meet the needs of the users. The additional work was required to take the military users feedback and refine/upgrade the system to meet diverse requirements of a wide group of users. This task would then result in the delivery of ten (10) upgraded systems for a second LTE. Work is to be performed at Simi Valley, Calif., (85 precent), and at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., (15 precent), with an estimated completion date of May 3, 2010. Bids were solicited by Broad Agency Announcement with over 100 bids received. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Contracts Management Office, Arlington, Va., is the contracting activity (HR0011-07-C-0075).
Tyonek Fabrication Corp., Madison, Ala., was awarded on May 28, 2009, a $5,698,500 firm-fixed-price contract for the OH-58 KIOWA airframe for 340 each, control box, Elec., (AEU), NSN: 1055-01-H97-5411, part number 635107M100. Work is to be performed at Madison, Ala., with an estimated completion date of May 31, 2012. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Contracting Command, Aviation and Missile Command, Contracting Center, Redstone Arsenal, Ala., is the contracting activity (W31P4Q-04-D-0061).
Missile Defense Agency Contract Award
The Microtechnologies, LLC of Vienna, Va., is being awarded a sole-source, cost-plus-award-fee contract modification under contract HQ0006-08-C-0004 for $15,515,314. The services are to operate and maintain existing and planned video teleconferencing facilities in multiple Missile Defense Agency locations. This sole source award is a modification to extend the existing contract through Nov. 15, 2010, with a six-month option. The amount obligated on this action is $2,069,500 using fiscal year 2009 Research, Development, Test and Evaluation funds. The Missile Defense Agency is the contracting activity (HQ0006-08-C-0004).
Lockheed Martin Corp., Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co., Fort Worth, Texas, is being awarded a $2,106,525,040 modification to definitize the previously awarded Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) air system low rate initial production Lot III advance acquisition contract (N00019-08-C-0028) to a cost-plus-incentive-fee/award-fee contract. This modification provides for the procurement of 7 Air Force conventional take off and landing (CTOL), 7 Marine Corps short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL); 1 CTOL for the Netherlands, and 2 STOVLs for the United Kingdom. In addition, this modification provides for the associated ancillary mission equipment and technical/financial data. Work will be performed in Fort Worth, Texas, (35 percent); El Segundo, Calif., (25 percent); Warton, United Kingdom, (20 percent); Orlando, Fla., (10 percent); Nashua, N.H., (5 percent); and Baltimore, Md., (5 percent), and is expected to be completed in Dec. 2011. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract combines purchases for the U.S. Air Force ($857,116,227; 40.7 percent); the U.S. Marine Corps, ($877,797,887; 41.7 percent); and the Governments of the Netherlands, ($119,666,120; 5.7 percent) and United Kingdom, ($251,944,806; 11.9 percent). The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity.
MKI Systems, Inc. is being awarded $6,294,200 for task order 0074 under previously awarded firm-fixed-price contract (M67854-02-A-9008). The scope of this effort is to provide programmatic acquisition, logistics, and administrative support to the program manager, Training Systems (PM TRASYS), located at the Central Florida Research Park, Orlando, Fla., in response to the internal reorganization of PM TRASYS and expanding training systems requirements for individual and collective training systems, and program and administration support. As part of PM TRASYS's increasing role supporting Marine Corps Systems Command's and the Operational Forces' training needs, PM TRASYS requires additional technical support services to plan, field, and sustain training systems Marine Corps wide. This effort will help to ensure planned and unplanned funding allocations are effectively and efficiently utilized through a programmatic approach with improved investment strategies to obtain the highest quality training available. Administrative, logistics, and acquisition initiatives are in response to the increasing support requirements centered on simulated and virtual training environments infusing of new technologies with established procedures. PM TRASYS support includes providing added program, logistics, and administrative support for the determination of training methodologies, implementation, and technical documentation for acquisition of training and training systems. Work will be performed< name="OLE_LINK1"> in Orlando, Fla., and work is expected to be completed in Jun. 2010. Contract funds in the amount of $4,381,959 will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Marine Corps System Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity.
Correction: Contract awarded to Raytheon Technical Services Co., Norfolk, Va., for $15,501,285, should have stated that the contract funds will not expire before the end of the current fiscal year.
AIR FORCE
The Air Force is terminating for convenience the System Development and Demonstration Contract for the HH-47 Combat Search and Rescue Recovery Vehicle Program with the Boeing Co., of Ridley Park, Pennsylvania for $712,156,535. This contract termination is a result of the CSAR-X program cancellation directed by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (FA8629-07-C-2350).
The Air Force is awarding an indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contract to Northrop Grumman Space & Mission systems Corp., of Herndon, Va., for a maximum of $49,900,000. This contract action will operate, maintain and enhance existing capabilities; and design, implement, and integrate new capabilities based on new technologies to meet an ever-increasing challenge to provide the timely, accurate and actionable intelligence products and information required by our warfighters in a reliable, responsive, efficient and cost effective manner as specified in each Performance Work Statement for the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. At this time $199,394 has been obligated. AFRL/RIKE, Rome, New York is the contracting activity (FA8750-09-D-0182).
ARMY
Smiths Detection, Inc., Edgewood, Md., was awarded on May 29, 2009, a $77,635,232.15 commercial firm-fixed-price contract for Joint Chemical Agent Detector (JCAD) Increment I-Power communications adapter kits. Work is to be performed at Edgewood, Md., with an estimated completion date of Sept. 30, 2010. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Research Development and Engineering Command, Acquisition Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground Contracting Division, Edgewood Division, APG, Md., is the contracting activity (W911SR-07-C-0054).
Korte Construction Co., dba The Korte Co., St. Louis, Mo., was awarded on Jun. 1, 2009, a $15,122,000 firm-fixed-price contract to design/build a Base Realignment and Closure Armed Forces Reserve Center at McAlester, Okla., with an estimated completion date of Oct. 30, 2010. Bids were solicited on the web with ten bids received. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, Louisville, Ky., is the contracting activity (W912QR-09-C-0039).
Lockheed Martin Information Systems & Global Services, Tinton Falls, N.J., was awarded on Jun. 1, 2009, a $11,256,860 time and materials contract for a period of performance extension (1 Jun. 2009 through 30 Nov. 2009) for necessary Global Command and Control System – Army (GCCS-A), maneuver control system, and joint convergence software support. The additional time is needed to provide time for the competitive follow-on acquisition's task orders and all necessary transition efforts. There were significant delays in the award of the competitive follow-on, which was awarded five months later than initially anticipated. Work is to be performed at Tinton Falls, N.J., (about 60 precent), and Springfield, Va., (about 40 precent), with an estimated completion date of Nov. 30, 2009. One sole source bid was solicited with one bid received. CECOM Acquisition Center, Fort Monmouth, N.J., is the contracting activity (W15P7T-06-C-N401).
Manson Construction Co., Seattle, Wash., was awarded on May 29, 2009, a $23,485,000 firm-fixed-price contract for 2009-2011 transitional and maintenance dredging for Port of Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska. Contract is to perform transitional dredging of an estimated 2,450,000 cubic yards of virgin materials, including removal of boulders and other unknown obstructions for the barge facility and north and south extension. Perform maintenance dredging of approximately 4,000,000 cubic yards of shoal materials for the existing Port, Barge facility and North and South Extension of Anchorage Harbor. Work is to be performed at Fort Detrick, Md., with an estimated completion date of May 22, 2011. Bids were solicited on the Web with three bids received. U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska, Contracting Division, Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska is the contracting activity (W911KB-09-C-0022).
John C. Grimberg Co., Inc., Rockville, Md., was awarded on May 29, 2009, a $21,087,000 firm-fixed-price contract for the Navy Medical Biological Defense Research Laboratory at Fort Detrick, Md. The requirement is for the construction of a new biomedical research laboratory at the National Interagency Bio-Defense Campus. These facilities will support special laboratory systems, specialized mechanical and bio-waste areas, and administrative space. Estimated completion date is May 22, 2011. There were 180 registered on the vendor's list with 10 bids received. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Baltimore, Md., is the contracting activity (W91238-09-C-0038).
Raytheon Co., Andover, Mass., was awarded on June 1, 2009, a $6,515,375 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to provide mission support and system sustainment for various configurations of rapid aerostat initial deployment tower systems. Work is to be performed at Andover, Mass., with an estimated completion date of Dec. 31, 2009. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Contracting and Acquisition Management Office, Huntsville, Ala., is the contracting office (W9113M-08-C-0153).
Alliant Tech Systems, Plymouth, Minn., and Textron Defense Systems, Wilmington, Mass., were awarded on May 29, 2009, in a Joint Venture, a cost-plus-incentive-fee/firm-fixed-price (Hybrid) contract for the procurement of the Spider XS-7 networked munitions low rate initial production phase three materials with long vendor production times. Work is to be performed at Wilmington, Mass., (50.1 precent), and Plymouth, Minn., (49.9 precent), with an estimated completion date of Nov. 30, 2012. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Contracting Command JM&L Contracting Center, Picatinny Arsenal, N.J., is the contracting activity (W15QKN-06-C-0154).
BAE Systems, Tactical Vehicle Systems Limited Partnership, Sealy, Texas, was awarded on May 28, 2009, an $11,520, 423.98 firm-fixed-price and cost-reimbursement contract for a modification for the procurement of fuel tank fire suppression as a ceiling priced charge order for 5,300 vehicles on contract and obligating 49.5 precent of the ceiling price. Work is to be performed at Sealy, Texas, with an estimated completion date of Dec. 31, 2010. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Tank and Automotive Command, Warren, Mich., is the contracting activity (W56HZV-08-C-0460).
BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Mass., was awarded on May 27, 2009, a $10,316,561 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract to exercise Option 1 for research in quantum information science. Work is to be performed in Cambridge, Mass., (61.2 precent), Arlington, Va., (29.1 precent), and Yorktown Heights, N.Y., (9.7 precent), with an estimated completion date of May 27, 2009. Six bids were solicited and six bids received. Defense Research Projects Agency, Arlington, Va., is the contracting activity (HR0011-06-C-0051).
CCI Group, Inc., Anchorage, Alaska, was awarded on May 28, 2009, a $6,250,598 firm-fixed-price contract to repair airfield payments at Bangor Air National Guard Base, Bangor, Maine, by replacing the remaining portion of an existing aircraft parking apron and repairing the apron in front of Building 542. The project includes installation of approximately 4,200 cubic yards of Portland Cement Concrete, 37,300 tons of Bituminous Cement Concrete, drainage structures, deicing system piping and controls. Work is to be performed at Bangor, Maine, with an estimated completion date of Oct. 5, 2009. Bids solicited: One offeror eight (a) sole source; Bids Received: One offer received. National Guard Bureau is the contracting activity (W912JD-09-C-0002).
AeroVironment, Inc., Monrovia, Calif., was awarded on May 28, 2009, a $5,437,556 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract in which AeroVironment, Inc., (AV) offers DARPA the Stealthy, Persistent, Perch and Stare Air Vehicle System (SP2S). The (SP2S) system fills the need for close-range surveillance and reconnaissance missions. This system also combines the strategic capability of stealthy operations with mission-adaptable perch and stare observation modes. The current SP2S Phase 11B program ends with delivery quantity five (5) Block 0 systems and the initial military user evaluation (LTE). The purpose of the LTE is to verify the utility of such a small VTOL perch and Stare system (currently no such system exists). It is also the first opportunity to identify the shortfalls and areas within the system that require improvements or design changes to meet the needs of the users. The additional work was required to take the military users feedback and refine/upgrade the system to meet diverse requirements of a wide group of users. This task would then result in the delivery of ten (10) upgraded systems for a second LTE. Work is to be performed at Simi Valley, Calif., (85 precent), and at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., (15 precent), with an estimated completion date of May 3, 2010. Bids were solicited by Broad Agency Announcement with over 100 bids received. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Contracts Management Office, Arlington, Va., is the contracting activity (HR0011-07-C-0075).
Tyonek Fabrication Corp., Madison, Ala., was awarded on May 28, 2009, a $5,698,500 firm-fixed-price contract for the OH-58 KIOWA airframe for 340 each, control box, Elec., (AEU), NSN: 1055-01-H97-5411, part number 635107M100. Work is to be performed at Madison, Ala., with an estimated completion date of May 31, 2012. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Contracting Command, Aviation and Missile Command, Contracting Center, Redstone Arsenal, Ala., is the contracting activity (W31P4Q-04-D-0061).
Missile Defense Agency Contract Award
The Microtechnologies, LLC of Vienna, Va., is being awarded a sole-source, cost-plus-award-fee contract modification under contract HQ0006-08-C-0004 for $15,515,314. The services are to operate and maintain existing and planned video teleconferencing facilities in multiple Missile Defense Agency locations. This sole source award is a modification to extend the existing contract through Nov. 15, 2010, with a six-month option. The amount obligated on this action is $2,069,500 using fiscal year 2009 Research, Development, Test and Evaluation funds. The Missile Defense Agency is the contracting activity (HQ0006-08-C-0004).
Nominee Promises to Continue Interagency Approach at Southern Command
American Forces Press Service
June 2, 2009 - President Obama's nominee to lead U.S. Southern Command promised today to continue the interagency approach that has been successful in the region. Air Force Lt. Gen. Douglas M. Fraser told the Senate Armed Services Committee that the interagency approach must be the template for Southern Command. "As I've studied what SouthCom is already doing, I think they already have a very robust program that lets us do that, a very interagency, very cooperative program," Fraser said. The general is currently the deputy at U.S. Pacific Command.
If the Senate confirms Fraser as the commander of U.S. Southern Command, he would become a full general and replace Navy Adm. James Stavridis, who has been nominated to be the commander of U.S. European Command. Southern Command headquarters is in Miami.
The issues in Central and South America cannot be solved by the military alone, Fraser said. Many countries need financial, economic and governmental expertise to move ahead. The U.S. military can work with nations in the region to improve security and increase the professionalism of the militaries, but it is only part of what is needed, he said.
"It's a whole-of-government approach; it's an interagency approach; it's an international approach," the general said.
Fraser said he sees two basic issues that U.S. Southern Command needs to work on. The first is to defend the southern approaches to the United States. "It is and will remain a key effort," he said. The second, he said, is to develop "an international and interagency approach. The issues that are resident there require us to take that approach."
Fraser said he is honored and humbled to be nominated by the president and the secretary of defense for the command. "I am no stranger to Latin America," he said. "I spent three years in high school in Bogota, Colombia, graduating there in 1971. During this time, I gained a life-long appreciation and affection for Latin America."
The general has not served in the region before, but has visited. "I will spend all my time and energy enhancing the role that United States Southern Commander plays with our partner armed forces in the region and continue Admiral Stavridis' dedicated efforts to enhance the interagency cooperation and coordination," he said.
"I've not had the pleasure of directly serving with Admiral Stavridis. As I've looked more closely at Southern Command, I'm impressed by what Southern Command has accomplished under his leadership, by his foresight and his innovation," Fraser said. "And I look forward to the opportunity to build on his distinguished accomplishments."
June 2, 2009 - President Obama's nominee to lead U.S. Southern Command promised today to continue the interagency approach that has been successful in the region. Air Force Lt. Gen. Douglas M. Fraser told the Senate Armed Services Committee that the interagency approach must be the template for Southern Command. "As I've studied what SouthCom is already doing, I think they already have a very robust program that lets us do that, a very interagency, very cooperative program," Fraser said. The general is currently the deputy at U.S. Pacific Command.
If the Senate confirms Fraser as the commander of U.S. Southern Command, he would become a full general and replace Navy Adm. James Stavridis, who has been nominated to be the commander of U.S. European Command. Southern Command headquarters is in Miami.
The issues in Central and South America cannot be solved by the military alone, Fraser said. Many countries need financial, economic and governmental expertise to move ahead. The U.S. military can work with nations in the region to improve security and increase the professionalism of the militaries, but it is only part of what is needed, he said.
"It's a whole-of-government approach; it's an interagency approach; it's an international approach," the general said.
Fraser said he sees two basic issues that U.S. Southern Command needs to work on. The first is to defend the southern approaches to the United States. "It is and will remain a key effort," he said. The second, he said, is to develop "an international and interagency approach. The issues that are resident there require us to take that approach."
Fraser said he is honored and humbled to be nominated by the president and the secretary of defense for the command. "I am no stranger to Latin America," he said. "I spent three years in high school in Bogota, Colombia, graduating there in 1971. During this time, I gained a life-long appreciation and affection for Latin America."
The general has not served in the region before, but has visited. "I will spend all my time and energy enhancing the role that United States Southern Commander plays with our partner armed forces in the region and continue Admiral Stavridis' dedicated efforts to enhance the interagency cooperation and coordination," he said.
"I've not had the pleasure of directly serving with Admiral Stavridis. As I've looked more closely at Southern Command, I'm impressed by what Southern Command has accomplished under his leadership, by his foresight and his innovation," Fraser said. "And I look forward to the opportunity to build on his distinguished accomplishments."
Army Announces BCT Stationing Decision
The secretary of the Army announced today that in accordance with the President's budget, the Army has halted the plan to build three additional brigade combat teams (BCTs) at Fort Bliss, Texas, Fort Carson, Colo., and Fort Stewart, Ga. This decision will not affect the Army's authorized end strength of 547,400. The Army will reach its target of 45 BCTs in fiscal 2010 with the activation of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Armored Division at Fort Bliss.
Today's announcement does not involve the restationing of the two heavy BCTs scheduled to return from Europe in fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2013, which is being examined as part of the ongoing Quadrennial Defense Review. The Army also announced today that White Sands Missile Range, N.M., will no longer receive a BCT from Europe in ficsal 2013 as originally planned.
Halting the three additional BCTs ensures that the Army retains its ability to support future requirements and maximizes: the ability of brigades to deploy for contingency operations and major exercises; opportunities and access to training facilities, battle command centers, and training support centers to provide ready units to meet Army Campaign Plan missions; and quality of life for soldiers and families.
Additionally, this course of action is the least disruptive to affected communities and facilitates the best use of taxpayer dollars and current and planned fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2010 military construction projects. These projects play an essential role in supporting the growth to 547,400 and ensuring our Army soldiers and families have the quality facilities they deserve.
Today's announcement will allow Congress to make time-sensitive and important authorization and appropriations decisions. The Army will provide Congress shortly a detailed, project-by-project list that specifies which facility requirements have changed and which remain valid.
"I understand the tough economic impact this decision will have on the communities that have worked so hard to prepare for the arrival of the three brigades," said Secretary of the Army Pete Geren. "They are great partners with the Army, and we will need their continued support as we work on the growth that is underway at these locations."
With this announced change, the population at Fort Bliss is projected to grow from 13,742 in 2003 to 36,069 in 2013; Fort Carson from 15,199 to 25,003; and Fort Stewart from 20,512 to 24,970.
The Army leadership is committed to properly informing all members of the American public, Congress, soldiers and families as developments occur.
For more information please call LTC Lee Packnett, Office of Public Affairs, Media Relations Division, (703) 614-2487.
Today's announcement does not involve the restationing of the two heavy BCTs scheduled to return from Europe in fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2013, which is being examined as part of the ongoing Quadrennial Defense Review. The Army also announced today that White Sands Missile Range, N.M., will no longer receive a BCT from Europe in ficsal 2013 as originally planned.
Halting the three additional BCTs ensures that the Army retains its ability to support future requirements and maximizes: the ability of brigades to deploy for contingency operations and major exercises; opportunities and access to training facilities, battle command centers, and training support centers to provide ready units to meet Army Campaign Plan missions; and quality of life for soldiers and families.
Additionally, this course of action is the least disruptive to affected communities and facilitates the best use of taxpayer dollars and current and planned fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2010 military construction projects. These projects play an essential role in supporting the growth to 547,400 and ensuring our Army soldiers and families have the quality facilities they deserve.
Today's announcement will allow Congress to make time-sensitive and important authorization and appropriations decisions. The Army will provide Congress shortly a detailed, project-by-project list that specifies which facility requirements have changed and which remain valid.
"I understand the tough economic impact this decision will have on the communities that have worked so hard to prepare for the arrival of the three brigades," said Secretary of the Army Pete Geren. "They are great partners with the Army, and we will need their continued support as we work on the growth that is underway at these locations."
With this announced change, the population at Fort Bliss is projected to grow from 13,742 in 2003 to 36,069 in 2013; Fort Carson from 15,199 to 25,003; and Fort Stewart from 20,512 to 24,970.
The Army leadership is committed to properly informing all members of the American public, Congress, soldiers and families as developments occur.
For more information please call LTC Lee Packnett, Office of Public Affairs, Media Relations Division, (703) 614-2487.
West Point Grad Leads Charge on Denali Despite Combat Injuries
By Samantha L. QuigleyAmerican Forces Press Service
June 2, 2009 - Summiting the highest peak in North America, will make Marc Hoffmeister's other challenges, like earning his commission as an Army officer by graduating from West Point, seem like a mole hill, by comparison. Mount McKinley, known simply as 'Denali,' in Alaska's Denali National Park, challenges even the most expert climbers. Hoffmeister and three other veterans will face those difficulties, as well as others resulting from their combat injuries, but he's not letting anything deter him from attaining his goal.
"I started planning this [climb] very early in my recovery and it's been both all-consuming and rehabilitative," said the team leader for 'Operation Denali.' "The drive to complete this 'mission' set the conditions for me to develop the skills I've always yearned to possess."
Nearly 15 years after graduating from West Point, the now-Lt. Col. Hoffmeister found himself in Iraq conducting a combined patrol with the Iraq army as an embedded trainer.
It was April 22, 2007, when the patrol was hit by a roadside bomb just north of Hillah, along alternate supply route Jackson. The blast severely damaged Hoffmeister's left arm, causing broken bones and nerve damage. He also suffered a traumatic brain injury and, as he puts it, "The pleasure of accompanying shrapnel popping out on odd occasions."
"I have more titanium than bone in my left arm now, and my elbow is more a collection of plates and screws than an elbow," Hoffmeister said.
He said he considers his rehabilitation ongoing because of slow nerve growth and recovery. He had a nerve transplant from his left leg and was initially hospitalized for two months. He then received home health care for an additional two months, during which his brigade commander in Iraq called and asked him to take over the brigade's rear detachment.
"He stated to me very simply that he figured, 'Anyone with two arms is still only half as good as Hoffmeister with one arm, so would [you] mind taking command of the brigade rear detachment?'" Hoffmeister said. "How do you say no to a question like that?
"So after a brief pity party, I got back to work and assumed command of the brigade rear detachment [with] the catheter line still in my arm [and] oxycodone and Lyrica tempering the pain," he added. "It was a godsend."
The duties gave him a purpose and a focus, and he could relate to the large population of wounded in the brigade's rear detachment, he said. It kept him looking beyond his personal obstacles and moving forward.
Hoffmeister's injury has forced him to figure out how to modify equipment so he can return to activities he enjoyed before his injury. For instance, all the gears that once resided on the left side of his bike have found a new home on the right. He also uses a padded glove and a wrist strap on his left hand to compensate for hypersensitivity and reduced grip strength.
His injuries also affected his climbing techniques. "It's forcing me to learn how to become a much more technically adept climber, as I can't rely on the strength or dexterity of my left arm or hand," he said. "So my lower body technique and positioning must change to reduce the strain and extend my endurance."
The injury, which causes constant pain, has provided Hoffmeister with a new perspective on life, as well.
"I embrace life's experiences far more than in the past because I am far more aware of the blessings that each new day brings," he said. "I've also realized that the combined virtue of my experiences being severely wounded and my rank and position have enabled me to assist other wounded warriors experiencing similar challenges.
"I feel a personal responsibility to assist, motivate or support my fellow wounded warriors in any way that I can," he added.
When asked what has been his greatest triumph since being injured, he's hesitant to provide a concrete answer, mainly because he's hoping that answer will change in a few weeks.
"I'll tell you after the climb!" he said.
Hoffmeister has served on active duty since graduating from West Point 17 years ago. He's the chief engineer for Alaskan Command/Joint Task Force Alaska at Elmendorf Air Force Base and lives in Eagle River, Alaska, with his wife, Gayle, and two Jack Russell terriers, Max and Bailey.
Gayle also will make the climb with the Operation Denali team as a peer mentor. The group set out for base camp on June 1 and expects to complete their trek by June 22.
Monday, June 01, 2009
Good Evening & Greetings
First an introduction.
My name is William Stroock. The boss graciously invited me to blog here. I am a civilian writer specializing in history and military history magazine articles. Here's a link to an article I have in the current issue of Military Heritage Magazine if you want to get a feel for what I do.
Also I have recently published a novel, A Line Through the Desert, currently available at Amazon. Briefly, A Line Through the Desert follows a young Sgt. in the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment during the First Gulf War, culminating with the Battle of 73 Easting, 26 February, 1991.
Now, what do I here? I'm going to provide round ups and commentary on war news from all over the world, specifically, the War on Terror, but other areas as needed. So, what does the badly named War on Terror encompass? Obviously Iraq and Afghanistan, but also Somalia, where Islamist militants are battling a weak western backed government and Israel which fights both Hamas (in Gaza) and Hezbollah (in Lebanon) two terrorist groups supported by Iran. Other areas include the Philippines and Pakistan.
With that in mind, lets take a look at the big news.
Today Israel conducted a nationwide drill simulating a massive terrorist attack, presumably a missile attack from Iran. This is very interesting as for more than a year, the Israelis have given every indication that they are going to launch a massive strike on Iran's nuclear program.
Let's consider the facts.
-In the fall of 2007 the IAF destroyed a Syrian nuclear reactor built with Iranian and North Korean help.
-Last spring, the IAF conducted an exercise off the coast of Greece, simulating an attack on several targets. Greece is about the same distance as Iran is from Israel. Greece also operates the Russian made S-300 SAM system, which Iran has purchased. This exercise involved more than 100 jets and helicopters.
-The opening move of Operation Cast Lead, Israel's incursion into the Gaza Strip last December/January, saw more than 100 Israeli aircraft hit Hamas positions in two waves, with the first wave of 60 aircraft each hitting their targets in a well coordinated simultaneous strike.
To really damage Iran's nuclear program, the Israelis have to take out three main sites, the Uranium enrichment facility in Nataz (in Central Iran), the reactor at Bushehr (on the Persian Gulf) and the research center in the city of Esphahan.
A large, coordinated strike, like the one the Israelis seem to be rehearsing for, would be the only feasible way to do so from the air. Destroying Bushehr would necessarily alert Nataz.
Of course, that's if the Israelis aren't cooking up something else altogether...
My name is William Stroock. The boss graciously invited me to blog here. I am a civilian writer specializing in history and military history magazine articles. Here's a link to an article I have in the current issue of Military Heritage Magazine if you want to get a feel for what I do.
Also I have recently published a novel, A Line Through the Desert, currently available at Amazon. Briefly, A Line Through the Desert follows a young Sgt. in the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment during the First Gulf War, culminating with the Battle of 73 Easting, 26 February, 1991.
Now, what do I here? I'm going to provide round ups and commentary on war news from all over the world, specifically, the War on Terror, but other areas as needed. So, what does the badly named War on Terror encompass? Obviously Iraq and Afghanistan, but also Somalia, where Islamist militants are battling a weak western backed government and Israel which fights both Hamas (in Gaza) and Hezbollah (in Lebanon) two terrorist groups supported by Iran. Other areas include the Philippines and Pakistan.
With that in mind, lets take a look at the big news.
Today Israel conducted a nationwide drill simulating a massive terrorist attack, presumably a missile attack from Iran. This is very interesting as for more than a year, the Israelis have given every indication that they are going to launch a massive strike on Iran's nuclear program.
Let's consider the facts.
-In the fall of 2007 the IAF destroyed a Syrian nuclear reactor built with Iranian and North Korean help.
-Last spring, the IAF conducted an exercise off the coast of Greece, simulating an attack on several targets. Greece is about the same distance as Iran is from Israel. Greece also operates the Russian made S-300 SAM system, which Iran has purchased. This exercise involved more than 100 jets and helicopters.
-The opening move of Operation Cast Lead, Israel's incursion into the Gaza Strip last December/January, saw more than 100 Israeli aircraft hit Hamas positions in two waves, with the first wave of 60 aircraft each hitting their targets in a well coordinated simultaneous strike.
To really damage Iran's nuclear program, the Israelis have to take out three main sites, the Uranium enrichment facility in Nataz (in Central Iran), the reactor at Bushehr (on the Persian Gulf) and the research center in the city of Esphahan.
A large, coordinated strike, like the one the Israelis seem to be rehearsing for, would be the only feasible way to do so from the air. Destroying Bushehr would necessarily alert Nataz.
Of course, that's if the Israelis aren't cooking up something else altogether...
Navy Terminates Contract For VH-71 Presidential Helicopter
The Navy today announced that it will terminate the VH-71 System Development and Demonstration (SDD) program contract. The announcement follows a Department of Defense (DoD) decision to cancel the existing presidential helicopter replacement program.
The VH-71 was intended to replace both the VH-3D and VH-60N aircraft currently used to conduct presidential support missions.
Navy contract N00019-05-C-0030 and associated work with Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego (LMSI-O), Owego, N.Y., awarded Jan. 28, 2005, for the SDD of the VH-71 program, has been terminated for the convenience of the government.
The under secretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics issued a VH-71 program acquisition decision memorandum on May 15, 2009, which directed the program be cancelled, to include both Increment 1 and Increment 2.
The VH-71 was intended to replace both the VH-3D and VH-60N aircraft currently used to conduct presidential support missions.
Navy contract N00019-05-C-0030 and associated work with Lockheed Martin Systems Integration – Owego (LMSI-O), Owego, N.Y., awarded Jan. 28, 2005, for the SDD of the VH-71 program, has been terminated for the convenience of the government.
The under secretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics issued a VH-71 program acquisition decision memorandum on May 15, 2009, which directed the program be cancelled, to include both Increment 1 and Increment 2.
Gates Visits Philippines to Reaffirm U.S. Commitment
By Fred W. Baker III
American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates made a brief stop here today to reaffirm U.S. commitment to the country's fight against terrorism. Gates met with his counterpart, Philippine Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro, to discuss the way ahead for military cooperation between the two countries.
"We are partners," Gates said at a news conference following his meeting with Teodoro. "We will continue to strongly support their efforts to defeat terrorists and extremists threatening their country and the region. Together, we will not relent until this threat is eliminated.".
This is Gates' first trip to the country as defense secretary -- a U.S. defense secretary has not visited the country for nearly a decade -- and it also is the first Cabinet-level visit under the new U.S. administration, signaling a renewed emphasis on relations in the region.
Gates said the two countries' relationship should evolve into a broader, more strategic one as the Philippines is taking on a larger security role on the world stage in combating international terrorism.
"The Philippines can play an important role in regional peace and security," the secretary said. "There is a lot we can do together, and I think we will be looking for those kinds of opportunities to continue ... to broaden and deepen the relationship."
During the visit, Gates met with both U.S. and Philippine troops, praising their efforts there.
Gates and Teodoro talked about how to move forward to build capacity of the Philippine armed forces, which Gates said is a fundamental tenet of American foreign policy in the new administration. The secretary said he has shifted hundreds of millions of dollars into the fiscal 2010 budget for such partner-nation capacity building.
"The stronger the foundation we can build under these partner relationships, the longer they're likely to last and the more effective they'll be," he said.
No specifics were detailed as to how the U.S. plans to aid in building the capacity of the Philippine armed forces. But a senior defense official speaking on background said the department will continue to support Philippine forces fighting terrorist groups in the southern part of the country. And, he said, the United States would like to look at ways to go beyond that help.
About 600 U.S. forces are in the country now, advising and assisting Philippine forces in their fight against terrorist groups that have established training grounds and safe havens there. U.S. troops began operating there shortly after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States. Terrorist groups were using Philippine safe havens to launch attacks across the globe.
U.S. troops help to train and equip the forces, but do not fight with the Filipinos in combat. They also provide intelligence support and conduct civil-military operations.
Since 2001, the Philippine forces have grown stronger, partly due to a reform program put in place by their government the same year, the official said.
"The threat from the international terrorist group in the region has gone down," he said. "There are fewer hostage takings, and there are fewer terrorists and fewer terrorist attacks."
Gates' trip here was delayed by a day because of mechanical problems with his aircraft after he attended an Asia security summit in Singapore.
The secretary laid a wreath at the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial. More than 17,200 American military troops are buried there, most of whom died in the defense of the Philippines and East Indies in 1941 and 1942. The names of more than 36,000 missing U.S. servicemembers are inscribed in the memorial.
American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates made a brief stop here today to reaffirm U.S. commitment to the country's fight against terrorism. Gates met with his counterpart, Philippine Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro, to discuss the way ahead for military cooperation between the two countries.
"We are partners," Gates said at a news conference following his meeting with Teodoro. "We will continue to strongly support their efforts to defeat terrorists and extremists threatening their country and the region. Together, we will not relent until this threat is eliminated.".
This is Gates' first trip to the country as defense secretary -- a U.S. defense secretary has not visited the country for nearly a decade -- and it also is the first Cabinet-level visit under the new U.S. administration, signaling a renewed emphasis on relations in the region.
Gates said the two countries' relationship should evolve into a broader, more strategic one as the Philippines is taking on a larger security role on the world stage in combating international terrorism.
"The Philippines can play an important role in regional peace and security," the secretary said. "There is a lot we can do together, and I think we will be looking for those kinds of opportunities to continue ... to broaden and deepen the relationship."
During the visit, Gates met with both U.S. and Philippine troops, praising their efforts there.
Gates and Teodoro talked about how to move forward to build capacity of the Philippine armed forces, which Gates said is a fundamental tenet of American foreign policy in the new administration. The secretary said he has shifted hundreds of millions of dollars into the fiscal 2010 budget for such partner-nation capacity building.
"The stronger the foundation we can build under these partner relationships, the longer they're likely to last and the more effective they'll be," he said.
No specifics were detailed as to how the U.S. plans to aid in building the capacity of the Philippine armed forces. But a senior defense official speaking on background said the department will continue to support Philippine forces fighting terrorist groups in the southern part of the country. And, he said, the United States would like to look at ways to go beyond that help.
About 600 U.S. forces are in the country now, advising and assisting Philippine forces in their fight against terrorist groups that have established training grounds and safe havens there. U.S. troops began operating there shortly after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States. Terrorist groups were using Philippine safe havens to launch attacks across the globe.
U.S. troops help to train and equip the forces, but do not fight with the Filipinos in combat. They also provide intelligence support and conduct civil-military operations.
Since 2001, the Philippine forces have grown stronger, partly due to a reform program put in place by their government the same year, the official said.
"The threat from the international terrorist group in the region has gone down," he said. "There are fewer hostage takings, and there are fewer terrorists and fewer terrorist attacks."
Gates' trip here was delayed by a day because of mechanical problems with his aircraft after he attended an Asia security summit in Singapore.
The secretary laid a wreath at the Manila American Cemetery and Memorial. More than 17,200 American military troops are buried there, most of whom died in the defense of the Philippines and East Indies in 1941 and 1942. The names of more than 36,000 missing U.S. servicemembers are inscribed in the memorial.
Wounded Warriors Set Out to Conquer North America's Highest Peak
By Samantha L. Quigley
American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - Today marks the start of a monumental challenge for four wounded veterans, their two mentors and one guide, as they move from the base of North America's highest peak in Alaska's Denali National Park to the mountain's base camp at an elevation of 6,850 feet. Denali, formerly known as Mount McKinley, challenges anyone so bold as to try to conquer its peak, some 20,320 feet into the Alaskan sky.
Bob Haines, a firefighter and retired Army sergeant first class, said that regardless of training, Denali demands a lot of anyone. The team has been training since a 12-day glacier climb a year ago.
"The biggest challenge is the extreme weather conditions, cold, and altitude-related illnesses that can occur," said Haines, who lives in Colorado Springs, Colo., with his wife, Pam, son, Cody, and three dogs. "High altitude mountaineering is unique in a sense that every day is harder than the last. Your workload increases, and it gets harder and harder to function as you go higher."
This will be especially true for the wounded veterans who will face not only the usually difficulties, but some others as well.
"Many of the climbers have steel parts, rods, screws and plates [in their bodies]. If not protected, they can sort of freeze from the inside out," Haines said. "Day-to-day tasks like putting your boots on can be more difficult if you only have one hand, [and] hurricane-force winds can be punishing on scar tissue.
"Cold affects blood flow, [so] if you have extremity injuries, your blood flow is already at a deficit, so that can exacerbate pre-existing conditions," he added.
Haines, who will serve, by his definition, as the designated pack mule – "You call and I haul" – said he felt as if he was leaving a game in the first quarter when he retired from the military in 2005. This climb is one way he can stay connected to his brothers and sisters who are still taking the fight to the enemy, he said.
But as honored as he is to be a part of the climb, he's also realistic about it.
"I happened to read a quote this last year while reaching Denali from past trip reports. It goes something like this: 'You don't climb a mountain like Denali; you sneak up on it while it has its head turned,'" he said. "Hopefully, we can be sneaky enough and get up and down before 'The High One' knows we're there."
As the team battles the steep elevation to the high camp at about 17,200 feet, with bone-chilling temperatures that can reach minus 75 degrees Fahrenheit and minus 118 degrees F with the wind factored in, another key player will be right there with them.
Gayle E. Hoffmeister, a mentor on the trip, is married to one of the climbers, Army Lt. Col. Marc Hoffmeister. The Social Security Administration employee said the climb holds personal importance for her.
"This last year was also a journey for Marc and myself as a couple," she said. "After he was wounded, we had to redefine who we were going to be as a couple, [and] a big part of who we are is about the physical activities we do together and the adventures we have participated in as a couple."
She decided she wasn't going to let her husband's injury slow them down. They'd just find ways around it. For instance, he can't work the shifters and brakes on the left side of his bike, so they switched all the controls to the right side.
"Climbing a mountain is just like navigating the challenges in life," she said. "From a distance, it can look overwhelming, scarring and sometimes dangerous.
"You can't see a clear route," she continued, "but as you take the steps and start to approach it, it starts to look different and negotiable, and you soon find yourself moving forward."
Denali's status as the tallest mountain in North America presents one of the biggest challenges this group will have to overcome, both mentally and physically, Hoffmeister said.
Tied to a rope and alone with their thoughts, climbers have a lot of time to come to terms with things, she said. It's a great time to reflect, cry, get angry and overcome.
As for the physical aspect, part of that is making sure everyone is taking care of themselves and carrying spare prosthetics in case they're needed. It also means they may have to move at a slower pace to mitigate individual risks.
While that role will be shared among the team members, it also will be part of Kirby Senden's responsibility.
Senden is the team's lead guide. He'll do the cooking, melt snow for drinking water, tell jokes and help to establish camps. Most importantly however, he'll look out for the team's overall health and safety.
The climb will demand patience and strong minds as it tests the climbers' character as much as their physical stamina.
"It is important for me to participate, because this climb will be a unique experience for all of us," Senden said. "Climbing Denali is always a unique experience; however, the people and their character makes or breaks a trip.
"This group has an unbelievable amount of pride, determination and motivation like I have never seen before," he added. "Knowing what these folks have been through already, they should not only rise to the occasion but, I feel like they will exceed beyond any limitations."
Regardless of whether the group reaches only the 14,000-foot mark or makes it to the summit, Senden said, it will be an awesome achievement.
"They are breaking ground with their physical challenges," he said. "They are a real inspiration, and I can't wait to melt some snow in their honor."
The team will begin climbing the west buttress of the mountain today as they fly to the base camp, an elevation of 6,850 feet. Once there, they'll spend the second day organizing, acclimating and reviewing glacier travel and crevasse rescue.
American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - Today marks the start of a monumental challenge for four wounded veterans, their two mentors and one guide, as they move from the base of North America's highest peak in Alaska's Denali National Park to the mountain's base camp at an elevation of 6,850 feet. Denali, formerly known as Mount McKinley, challenges anyone so bold as to try to conquer its peak, some 20,320 feet into the Alaskan sky.
Bob Haines, a firefighter and retired Army sergeant first class, said that regardless of training, Denali demands a lot of anyone. The team has been training since a 12-day glacier climb a year ago.
"The biggest challenge is the extreme weather conditions, cold, and altitude-related illnesses that can occur," said Haines, who lives in Colorado Springs, Colo., with his wife, Pam, son, Cody, and three dogs. "High altitude mountaineering is unique in a sense that every day is harder than the last. Your workload increases, and it gets harder and harder to function as you go higher."
This will be especially true for the wounded veterans who will face not only the usually difficulties, but some others as well.
"Many of the climbers have steel parts, rods, screws and plates [in their bodies]. If not protected, they can sort of freeze from the inside out," Haines said. "Day-to-day tasks like putting your boots on can be more difficult if you only have one hand, [and] hurricane-force winds can be punishing on scar tissue.
"Cold affects blood flow, [so] if you have extremity injuries, your blood flow is already at a deficit, so that can exacerbate pre-existing conditions," he added.
Haines, who will serve, by his definition, as the designated pack mule – "You call and I haul" – said he felt as if he was leaving a game in the first quarter when he retired from the military in 2005. This climb is one way he can stay connected to his brothers and sisters who are still taking the fight to the enemy, he said.
But as honored as he is to be a part of the climb, he's also realistic about it.
"I happened to read a quote this last year while reaching Denali from past trip reports. It goes something like this: 'You don't climb a mountain like Denali; you sneak up on it while it has its head turned,'" he said. "Hopefully, we can be sneaky enough and get up and down before 'The High One' knows we're there."
As the team battles the steep elevation to the high camp at about 17,200 feet, with bone-chilling temperatures that can reach minus 75 degrees Fahrenheit and minus 118 degrees F with the wind factored in, another key player will be right there with them.
Gayle E. Hoffmeister, a mentor on the trip, is married to one of the climbers, Army Lt. Col. Marc Hoffmeister. The Social Security Administration employee said the climb holds personal importance for her.
"This last year was also a journey for Marc and myself as a couple," she said. "After he was wounded, we had to redefine who we were going to be as a couple, [and] a big part of who we are is about the physical activities we do together and the adventures we have participated in as a couple."
She decided she wasn't going to let her husband's injury slow them down. They'd just find ways around it. For instance, he can't work the shifters and brakes on the left side of his bike, so they switched all the controls to the right side.
"Climbing a mountain is just like navigating the challenges in life," she said. "From a distance, it can look overwhelming, scarring and sometimes dangerous.
"You can't see a clear route," she continued, "but as you take the steps and start to approach it, it starts to look different and negotiable, and you soon find yourself moving forward."
Denali's status as the tallest mountain in North America presents one of the biggest challenges this group will have to overcome, both mentally and physically, Hoffmeister said.
Tied to a rope and alone with their thoughts, climbers have a lot of time to come to terms with things, she said. It's a great time to reflect, cry, get angry and overcome.
As for the physical aspect, part of that is making sure everyone is taking care of themselves and carrying spare prosthetics in case they're needed. It also means they may have to move at a slower pace to mitigate individual risks.
While that role will be shared among the team members, it also will be part of Kirby Senden's responsibility.
Senden is the team's lead guide. He'll do the cooking, melt snow for drinking water, tell jokes and help to establish camps. Most importantly however, he'll look out for the team's overall health and safety.
The climb will demand patience and strong minds as it tests the climbers' character as much as their physical stamina.
"It is important for me to participate, because this climb will be a unique experience for all of us," Senden said. "Climbing Denali is always a unique experience; however, the people and their character makes or breaks a trip.
"This group has an unbelievable amount of pride, determination and motivation like I have never seen before," he added. "Knowing what these folks have been through already, they should not only rise to the occasion but, I feel like they will exceed beyond any limitations."
Regardless of whether the group reaches only the 14,000-foot mark or makes it to the summit, Senden said, it will be an awesome achievement.
"They are breaking ground with their physical challenges," he said. "They are a real inspiration, and I can't wait to melt some snow in their honor."
The team will begin climbing the west buttress of the mountain today as they fly to the base camp, an elevation of 6,850 feet. Once there, they'll spend the second day organizing, acclimating and reviewing glacier travel and crevasse rescue.
Face of Defense: Doctor Fills Prescription for Medicine, Music
By Army Sgt. Robert G. Cooper IIISpecial to American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - It's not hard to find a full-time soldier who goes right back to work doing something else after the uniform comes off. From entrepreneurial endeavors through self-owned businesses to hobbies-turned-careers, some soldiers moonlight in their passions no matter how involved their military careers might be. Army Maj. (Dr.) Nickolas Karajohn is no exception. As a practicing physician at the troop medical clinic, the 42-year-old Las Vegas native can be found providing medical care to thousands of servicemembers training and working here. But it's not his warm bedside manner or friendly demeanor that makes him unique.
In his office, he's referred to as "sir" or "Dr. Karajohn," but once on stage, he transforms into "M.C. M.D.," a rhyme-dropping rapper who's not afraid of the big stage or the bright lights.
"I'm the real doc on the mike," he said, echoing his duel persona's motto. "It's part of who I am and how I've grown up. There never should be boundaries in any genre of music -- racial, ethical or otherwise."
Karajohn's passion for performing began at an early age while he was growing up in a trailer park in North Las Vegas. His first talent was dancing, which led to his forming of a short-lived dance group. It wasn't until later in life that his love for rhyming began to blossom.
"I've been listening to rap since it began, probably about 1980," he said. "That was when the Sugar Hill Gang came out, along with all the original rappers. I followed the progression of rap music and became interested in 1996 in writing it.
"I was inspired by [rapper Notorious B.I.G.] when his double album came out," he continued. "That was my inspiration to start writing songs and get in the studio and start recording."
Despite his love for rap music, Karajohn remained committed to serving his country. "Rap was something I strictly had a passion for, but my main goal was to become a doctor," he said. "I joined initially as a combat medic in 1996, and then went to medical school at the Ross University School of Medicine."
Prior to mobilizing here through his unit, the National Army Augmentation Detachment at Fort McPherson, Ga., Karajohn had written 20 songs and released a 13-track album, even opening for rap group Tha Dogg Pound's Daz Dillinger and Kurupt in 2006. His songs, a combination of East and West Coast rapping styles, he said, reflect on a number of topics.
"I rap about a lot of things," he said. "I've got songs about my life and career, stories, etc. I'm not a 'gangsta rapper,' but I've got some songs about bragging. I also have some songs that try to relay some message about life."
Karajohn said his appreciation for rap music stems from its artistic qualities. "I'm very into the lyrics, so when I listen to rap, I listen to the words first. It's like coordinating poetry to music."
The doctor's strong lyrical abilities hidden under a military officer's exterior have been known to catch others off guard. Army Capt. Victoria Davis, a registered nurse at the clinic here, said she didn't know what to expect when she overheard him rapping a few lyrics to his patients one day.
"Did I expect that from a physician? No," she said. "I was impressed. His lyrics talk about things like being a doctor, but the younger generations can relate. He sends a good, positive message."
Karajohn laughed about the fact that most people are surprised when they hear about his other career. "They're pretty much taken aback, especially at the fact that I'm a doctor," he said. "But my rap name kind of explains it."
Karajohn said he has about six weeks left here before returning to Las Vegas, where he plans to perform again. He said that no matter where his job or the Army takes him, it won't hinder what he loves doing behind a microphone.
"Regardless of your rank or title, ... anything you love to do, anything that you'd call a dream, you should always give yourself a chance to try and do it," he said. "The artistic side of anyone needs to be sought out and displayed, even if it's for themselves."
(Army Sgt. Robert G. Cooper III serves in the Camp Atterbury public affairs office.)
Army Scientists Explore New DNA Vaccine Delivery Method
By Navy Lt. Jennifer Cragg
Special to American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - Army scientists are studying a new DNA vaccine delivery method that will one day be needle-free and painless, a senior Army research scientist at Fort Detrick, Md., said. "DNA offers a number of advantages over conventional vaccine approaches, especially with regard to biodefense vaccines," Connie Schmaljohn, senior research scientist at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, told "Armed with Science: Research and Applications for the Modern Military" listeners during a May 27 audio webcast.
"This is important when rapid vaccine development is needed for a newly emerging disease threat or possibly for a genetically engineered biological warfare pathogen," Schmaljohn, who holds a doctorate in virology, added.
One of the newest DNA vaccine delivery methods relies on technology known as the "gene gun," which is capable of delivering the vaccine directly into cells. The needle-free vaccination method is more cost-effective and less painful for the recipient.
"The DNA is first coated onto very, very tiny gold beads, and those gold beads with the DNA are then put inside of a plastic device that's about the size of a small flashlight," she explained. "Inside that device is also a little canister of compressed helium gas. When the trigger of the gene gun device is pushed, the gas is released and it propels the gold coated with the DNA out of the device into the skin of the vaccine recipient."
USAMRIID is conducting a human study of DNA vaccines using this delivery method. Schmaljohn's research team has isolated small amounts of DNA from the Hantaan and Puumala viruses -- known health threats to U.S. troops stationed in Europe and Asia -- to develop the vaccines. Both vaccines are in Phase I clinical testing, the first step toward licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
"Its main goal is actually to prove that the vaccine is safe in humans, but of course, we're also interested in determining if it's inducing an immune response," she added.
"The hantaviruses, once they infect humans, can cause one of two serious human illnesses: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which occurs in Asia and Europe, or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which occurs in the Americas," Schmaljohn said.
USAMRIID is producing a DNA vaccine for the Asian and European hantaviruses that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This disease first was recognized as a threat during the Korean War.
"Today there's more than 100,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome each year, with the highest number occurring in China, Russia ... Scandinavia and other parts of Europe," Schmaljohn said.
These viruses are found in many types of rodents, including rats, field mice and meadow voles.
"They're transmitted to humans in the aerosols of rodent's urine, feces and saliva," Schmaljohn explained. "The rodents that carry these viruses are persistently infected, and they show no signs of illness."
She added that over tens of thousands of years, these viruses and rodents have formed a mutually exclusive relationship in which both have adapted to one another. While the virus doesn't appear to affect the rodents' health, the virus does pose significant risk to humans.
Schmaljohn reminded "Armed with Science" listeners about the importance of medical research to the health and well being of the nation.
"Without continuously pushing the envelope of science, we will not be able to adequately respond to new disease threats," she said.
(Navy Lt. Jennifer Cragg serves in the Defense Media Activity's emerging media directorate.)
Special to American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - Army scientists are studying a new DNA vaccine delivery method that will one day be needle-free and painless, a senior Army research scientist at Fort Detrick, Md., said. "DNA offers a number of advantages over conventional vaccine approaches, especially with regard to biodefense vaccines," Connie Schmaljohn, senior research scientist at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, told "Armed with Science: Research and Applications for the Modern Military" listeners during a May 27 audio webcast.
"This is important when rapid vaccine development is needed for a newly emerging disease threat or possibly for a genetically engineered biological warfare pathogen," Schmaljohn, who holds a doctorate in virology, added.
One of the newest DNA vaccine delivery methods relies on technology known as the "gene gun," which is capable of delivering the vaccine directly into cells. The needle-free vaccination method is more cost-effective and less painful for the recipient.
"The DNA is first coated onto very, very tiny gold beads, and those gold beads with the DNA are then put inside of a plastic device that's about the size of a small flashlight," she explained. "Inside that device is also a little canister of compressed helium gas. When the trigger of the gene gun device is pushed, the gas is released and it propels the gold coated with the DNA out of the device into the skin of the vaccine recipient."
USAMRIID is conducting a human study of DNA vaccines using this delivery method. Schmaljohn's research team has isolated small amounts of DNA from the Hantaan and Puumala viruses -- known health threats to U.S. troops stationed in Europe and Asia -- to develop the vaccines. Both vaccines are in Phase I clinical testing, the first step toward licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
"Its main goal is actually to prove that the vaccine is safe in humans, but of course, we're also interested in determining if it's inducing an immune response," she added.
"The hantaviruses, once they infect humans, can cause one of two serious human illnesses: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which occurs in Asia and Europe, or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which occurs in the Americas," Schmaljohn said.
USAMRIID is producing a DNA vaccine for the Asian and European hantaviruses that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This disease first was recognized as a threat during the Korean War.
"Today there's more than 100,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome each year, with the highest number occurring in China, Russia ... Scandinavia and other parts of Europe," Schmaljohn said.
These viruses are found in many types of rodents, including rats, field mice and meadow voles.
"They're transmitted to humans in the aerosols of rodent's urine, feces and saliva," Schmaljohn explained. "The rodents that carry these viruses are persistently infected, and they show no signs of illness."
She added that over tens of thousands of years, these viruses and rodents have formed a mutually exclusive relationship in which both have adapted to one another. While the virus doesn't appear to affect the rodents' health, the virus does pose significant risk to humans.
Schmaljohn reminded "Armed with Science" listeners about the importance of medical research to the health and well being of the nation.
"Without continuously pushing the envelope of science, we will not be able to adequately respond to new disease threats," she said.
(Navy Lt. Jennifer Cragg serves in the Defense Media Activity's emerging media directorate.)
Army Reserve Focuses on Shaping Force After Meeting New End Strength
By Donna Miles
American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - After reaching its new 206,000-member end strength objective a full year ahead of schedule, the Army Reserve has shifted its focus to shaping the force to ensure it has the proper mix of skills sets and experience levels, the Army Reserve chief told American Forces Press Service. Army Lt. Gen. Jack C. Stultz lauded the Army Reserve's increase of more than 20,000 soldiers during the past three years. The Army Reserve exceeded its fiscal 2008 goals by recruiting more than 44,000 soldiers and re-enlisting more than 16,000 soldiers.
"Today I can report to you that your Army Reserve is in excellent shape," Stultz told the Senate Armed Services Committee's personnel subcommittee during a March hearing when the Army Reserve had reached 204,000 members. "That's up 7,000 this fiscal year on top of 7,000 last year," he told the panel. "We're growing at a tremendous pace, so recruiting is good, retention is good."
This trend put the Army Reserve on solid footing to achieve its authorized 206,000 end strength a year before the 2010 target. It marks a stark contrast to three years ago, when Stultz assumed his post with a force of about 186,000 soldiers.
Stultz told American Forces Press Service he attributes this success to hard work and dedication by recruiters as well as efforts by reservists themselves. But he also pointed to the importance of recruiting and retention initiatives that supported the Army Reserve's manning strategy. These include the Army Reserve Recruiter Assistant Program, which rewards soldiers, family members and Army civilians who support recruiting and retention efforts, and the Critical Skills Retention Bonus, which helps to retain soldiers in specific job specialties.
Stultz called these incentives as important to the Army Reserve now as when it was growing its force.
"Some people out there might say we've met our end strength and the economy is bad, so we don't need to pay incentives to soldiers," he said. "I say that's not true. We might not need as many incentives to attract E-1s into the force, but I need them because I am continuing to shape the force."
This involves training – and especially, retaining – soldiers in shortage military occupational specialties and encouraging those in over-strength MOSs to retrain into under-strength ones.
The Army Reserve also needs to fill gaps at the noncommissioned officer, captain and major levels, Stultz said. Even after reaching its new end strength, the Army Reserve still is short almost 10,000 captains and majors, Stultz told the Senate Armed Services Committee in March.
The ultimate benefit of the increased Army Reserve end strength won't be immediate, because most of the newest reservists are junior enlisted soldiers, the general explained.
"It's an investment for the future," he said. "What we need now is to focus on growing our NCO corps and growing our captains and majors."
One way Stultz intends to do that is by recruiting more prior-service soldiers.
"The Marines say, 'Once a Marine, always a Marine,'" he said. "I like to say, 'Soldier for life.' We find a lot of soldiers out there who have left the uniform, but the uniform hasn't left them. And when we talk to them, they say they miss it. We're recouping some of them now."
American Forces Press Service
June 1, 2009 - After reaching its new 206,000-member end strength objective a full year ahead of schedule, the Army Reserve has shifted its focus to shaping the force to ensure it has the proper mix of skills sets and experience levels, the Army Reserve chief told American Forces Press Service. Army Lt. Gen. Jack C. Stultz lauded the Army Reserve's increase of more than 20,000 soldiers during the past three years. The Army Reserve exceeded its fiscal 2008 goals by recruiting more than 44,000 soldiers and re-enlisting more than 16,000 soldiers.
"Today I can report to you that your Army Reserve is in excellent shape," Stultz told the Senate Armed Services Committee's personnel subcommittee during a March hearing when the Army Reserve had reached 204,000 members. "That's up 7,000 this fiscal year on top of 7,000 last year," he told the panel. "We're growing at a tremendous pace, so recruiting is good, retention is good."
This trend put the Army Reserve on solid footing to achieve its authorized 206,000 end strength a year before the 2010 target. It marks a stark contrast to three years ago, when Stultz assumed his post with a force of about 186,000 soldiers.
Stultz told American Forces Press Service he attributes this success to hard work and dedication by recruiters as well as efforts by reservists themselves. But he also pointed to the importance of recruiting and retention initiatives that supported the Army Reserve's manning strategy. These include the Army Reserve Recruiter Assistant Program, which rewards soldiers, family members and Army civilians who support recruiting and retention efforts, and the Critical Skills Retention Bonus, which helps to retain soldiers in specific job specialties.
Stultz called these incentives as important to the Army Reserve now as when it was growing its force.
"Some people out there might say we've met our end strength and the economy is bad, so we don't need to pay incentives to soldiers," he said. "I say that's not true. We might not need as many incentives to attract E-1s into the force, but I need them because I am continuing to shape the force."
This involves training – and especially, retaining – soldiers in shortage military occupational specialties and encouraging those in over-strength MOSs to retrain into under-strength ones.
The Army Reserve also needs to fill gaps at the noncommissioned officer, captain and major levels, Stultz said. Even after reaching its new end strength, the Army Reserve still is short almost 10,000 captains and majors, Stultz told the Senate Armed Services Committee in March.
The ultimate benefit of the increased Army Reserve end strength won't be immediate, because most of the newest reservists are junior enlisted soldiers, the general explained.
"It's an investment for the future," he said. "What we need now is to focus on growing our NCO corps and growing our captains and majors."
One way Stultz intends to do that is by recruiting more prior-service soldiers.
"The Marines say, 'Once a Marine, always a Marine,'" he said. "I like to say, 'Soldier for life.' We find a lot of soldiers out there who have left the uniform, but the uniform hasn't left them. And when we talk to them, they say they miss it. We're recouping some of them now."
MILITARY CONTRACTS June 1, 2009
NAVY
Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems, Inc., Bethesda, Md., (N00189-09-D-Z042); General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Suffolk, Va., (N00189-09-D-Z043) and N00189-09-D-Z045); Science Applications International Corp., Suffolk, Va., (N00189-09-D-Z044); and Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp., Virginia Beach, Va., (N00189-09-D-Z046), are each being awarded a cost-plus-fixed-fee, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity multiple award contract to provide core mission and business sustainment support services to the U.S. Joint Forces Command's Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Directorate. For Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems, the base amount is $25,630,821, and the estimated value if all options are exercised is $135,330,781. For General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, the base year amount is $23,294,517 and the value if all options are exercised is $122,799,339. For General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, the base year amount is $42,722,271 and the value if all options are exercised i! s $224,7 09,611. For Science Applications International Corp., the base amount is $54,081,703, and the estimated value if all options are exercised is $283,968,495. For Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp., the base amount is $50,147,494, and the estimated value if all options are exercised is $262,821,754. Work will be performed in Suffolk, Va., and work is expected to be complete July 2010. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the fiscal year. This requirement was awarded competitively through Navy Electronic Commerce Online, with six offers received. The Fleet and Industrial Supply Center Norfolk, Contracting Department, Philadelphia Division, is the contracting activity.
Lockheed Martin Services, Inc., Greenville, S.C., is being awarded a $138,299,754 ceiling-priced modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/ indefinite-quantity multiple award contract (N00019-05-D-0013) to exercise an option for the P-3C Sustainment, Modification and Installation Program. Work will be performed in Greenville, S.C., and is expected to be completed in June 2010. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity.
Navistar Defense LLC, Warrenville, Ill., is being awarded a $44,679,769 firm-fixed-priced modification to a previously awarded contract (M67854-07-D-5032), delivery order #0004, for the renewal of OCONUS Field Service Representatives in support of OIF and OEF sustainment in Theater. Work will be performed in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the final deliveries associated with this delivery order are expected to be completed by Sept. 30, 2010. Contract funds will not expire by the end of the current fiscal year. The Basic contract was competitively awarded and the new requirements were sole source additions to the contract. The Marine Corps Systems Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity.
DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY
Raytheon Co., McKinney, Texas, is being awarded a maximum $13,903,050 firm fixed price contract for improved Bradley acquisition subsystem procurement. Using service is Army. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. There was originally two proposal solicited with two responses. The date of performance completion is Jan. 31, 2012. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center Richmond, Richmond, Va., (SPRRA2-09-C-0008).
U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND
Aerovironment Inc. of Monrovia, Calif., is being awarded a $7,000,000 modification to an existing Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity contract increasing the contract maximum to $10,000,000 for updated DDL compliant Raven B Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle spares and retrofit kits in support of the U.S. Special Operations Command Program Executive Office - Fixed Wing. The work will be performed in Simi Valley, Calif., and is expected to be completed by Aug. 6, 2011. This contract modification was awarded under Exception to Full and Open Competition as implemented by FAR 6.302-1(a)(2). The contract modification number is Modification P00001 to H92222-08-D-0001.
Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems, Inc., Bethesda, Md., (N00189-09-D-Z042); General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Suffolk, Va., (N00189-09-D-Z043) and N00189-09-D-Z045); Science Applications International Corp., Suffolk, Va., (N00189-09-D-Z044); and Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp., Virginia Beach, Va., (N00189-09-D-Z046), are each being awarded a cost-plus-fixed-fee, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity multiple award contract to provide core mission and business sustainment support services to the U.S. Joint Forces Command's Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Directorate. For Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems, the base amount is $25,630,821, and the estimated value if all options are exercised is $135,330,781. For General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, the base year amount is $23,294,517 and the value if all options are exercised is $122,799,339. For General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, the base year amount is $42,722,271 and the value if all options are exercised i! s $224,7 09,611. For Science Applications International Corp., the base amount is $54,081,703, and the estimated value if all options are exercised is $283,968,495. For Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp., the base amount is $50,147,494, and the estimated value if all options are exercised is $262,821,754. Work will be performed in Suffolk, Va., and work is expected to be complete July 2010. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the fiscal year. This requirement was awarded competitively through Navy Electronic Commerce Online, with six offers received. The Fleet and Industrial Supply Center Norfolk, Contracting Department, Philadelphia Division, is the contracting activity.
Lockheed Martin Services, Inc., Greenville, S.C., is being awarded a $138,299,754 ceiling-priced modification to a previously awarded firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/ indefinite-quantity multiple award contract (N00019-05-D-0013) to exercise an option for the P-3C Sustainment, Modification and Installation Program. Work will be performed in Greenville, S.C., and is expected to be completed in June 2010. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity.
Navistar Defense LLC, Warrenville, Ill., is being awarded a $44,679,769 firm-fixed-priced modification to a previously awarded contract (M67854-07-D-5032), delivery order #0004, for the renewal of OCONUS Field Service Representatives in support of OIF and OEF sustainment in Theater. Work will be performed in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the final deliveries associated with this delivery order are expected to be completed by Sept. 30, 2010. Contract funds will not expire by the end of the current fiscal year. The Basic contract was competitively awarded and the new requirements were sole source additions to the contract. The Marine Corps Systems Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity.
DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY
Raytheon Co., McKinney, Texas, is being awarded a maximum $13,903,050 firm fixed price contract for improved Bradley acquisition subsystem procurement. Using service is Army. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. There was originally two proposal solicited with two responses. The date of performance completion is Jan. 31, 2012. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center Richmond, Richmond, Va., (SPRRA2-09-C-0008).
U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND
Aerovironment Inc. of Monrovia, Calif., is being awarded a $7,000,000 modification to an existing Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity contract increasing the contract maximum to $10,000,000 for updated DDL compliant Raven B Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle spares and retrofit kits in support of the U.S. Special Operations Command Program Executive Office - Fixed Wing. The work will be performed in Simi Valley, Calif., and is expected to be completed by Aug. 6, 2011. This contract modification was awarded under Exception to Full and Open Competition as implemented by FAR 6.302-1(a)(2). The contract modification number is Modification P00001 to H92222-08-D-0001.
Tim McGraw and Faith Hill Join Senior Military for Country United: Advancing Medicine from the Frontlines to the Homefront
Symposium Registration Now Open and Gala Tickets Now on Sale
June 1, 2009 – The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF) and the Tug McGraw Foundation (TMF) today launched Country United: Advancing Medicine from the Frontlines to the Homefront, a two-day event comprised of the Partnership for Military Medicine Symposium and the Country United Gala. The events will take place on November 6 & 7, 2009, in Washington, D.C.
Country music stars Tim McGraw and Faith Hill will co-chair Country United in support of our nation’s wounded warriors. Symposium registration and Gala tickets are both available at www.countryunited.org. Country United is on Facebook and Twitter and may be found by searching for “Country United.”
Proceeds from Country United will benefit the efforts of HJF and TMF to advance medical care and improve quality of life for our nation’s service members and civilians. Through HJF, funds will support the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU)—our nation’s only federal school of medicine and graduate school of nursing. (For more information about USU, see www.usuhs.mil.) Through TMF, funds will further civilian and military collaborations in the neurosciences and oncology to improve diagnostics, treatments, and quality of life for military and civilian patients.
"Today’s real war heroes are the military doctors, medics, nurses, and others who rush the frontlines to save as many soldiers as possible," said Army Chaplain (Major) Jeff Struecker, who was featured in the national best-selling book and motion picture “Black Hawk Down.” "Their dedication is also seen off the battlefield where they have advanced medicine so far that wounded warriors now have the opportunity to lead fully functional lives. Thank God for these courageous care providers."
Many of USU’s more than 4,300 alumni serve on active duty as supporting medical personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan. USU, often referred to as “the West Point of military medicine,” prepares the next generation of uniformed doctors, nurses, and federal health researchers.
"My father Tug McGraw proudly served as a Marine, and I’m honored to play a roll in this very special event. The goal of Country United is aligned with our own mission to accelerate treatment and cures around quality of life issues," said Tim McGraw, Grammy Award-winning country music star and Honorary Chairman of the Tug McGraw Foundation.
The Partnership for Military Medicine Symposium, to be held at the Hilton Washington on Friday, November 6, 2009, will highlight how discoveries in military medicine improve healthcare for service members and civilians. The symposium will feature leaders from military and civilian medicine who will address the following topics: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience Research; Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Response; and Infectious Diseases. Faith Hill will offer the keynote address at the luncheon.
"Our military men and women have sacrificed so much for our country, as have all those who have ever served our nation,” said Faith Hill, Grammy Award-winning performer. “It’s my honor to be involved with Country United and to take part in recognizing the tireless efforts of the medical community to advance care for our nation's warriors and citizens.”
The Country United Gala, to be held at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium on Saturday, November 7, 2009, will celebrate the achievements of researchers, clinicians, and others who work to advance medical care for and improve quality of life of our wounded warriors and citizens. The Gala will be emceed by Emmy Award-winning sports commentator Bob Costas and will feature a special performance by Tim McGraw, Faith Hill & Friends.
The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine is a private, not-for-profit organization authorized by Congress to support military medical research and education at USU and throughout the armed forces. Country United is an extension of HJF’s ongoing efforts to advance military medicine. (www.hjf.org)
The Tug McGraw Foundation was established in 2003 to enhance the quality of life of children and adults with brain tumors, and in 2009 expanded programs to include Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury. TMF collaborates and partners with other organizations to accelerate new treatments and cures while improving quality of life in areas of physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual impact of those debilitating conditions. (www.tugmcgraw.org)
June 1, 2009 – The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF) and the Tug McGraw Foundation (TMF) today launched Country United: Advancing Medicine from the Frontlines to the Homefront, a two-day event comprised of the Partnership for Military Medicine Symposium and the Country United Gala. The events will take place on November 6 & 7, 2009, in Washington, D.C.
Country music stars Tim McGraw and Faith Hill will co-chair Country United in support of our nation’s wounded warriors. Symposium registration and Gala tickets are both available at www.countryunited.org. Country United is on Facebook and Twitter and may be found by searching for “Country United.”
Proceeds from Country United will benefit the efforts of HJF and TMF to advance medical care and improve quality of life for our nation’s service members and civilians. Through HJF, funds will support the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU)—our nation’s only federal school of medicine and graduate school of nursing. (For more information about USU, see www.usuhs.mil.) Through TMF, funds will further civilian and military collaborations in the neurosciences and oncology to improve diagnostics, treatments, and quality of life for military and civilian patients.
"Today’s real war heroes are the military doctors, medics, nurses, and others who rush the frontlines to save as many soldiers as possible," said Army Chaplain (Major) Jeff Struecker, who was featured in the national best-selling book and motion picture “Black Hawk Down.” "Their dedication is also seen off the battlefield where they have advanced medicine so far that wounded warriors now have the opportunity to lead fully functional lives. Thank God for these courageous care providers."
Many of USU’s more than 4,300 alumni serve on active duty as supporting medical personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan. USU, often referred to as “the West Point of military medicine,” prepares the next generation of uniformed doctors, nurses, and federal health researchers.
"My father Tug McGraw proudly served as a Marine, and I’m honored to play a roll in this very special event. The goal of Country United is aligned with our own mission to accelerate treatment and cures around quality of life issues," said Tim McGraw, Grammy Award-winning country music star and Honorary Chairman of the Tug McGraw Foundation.
The Partnership for Military Medicine Symposium, to be held at the Hilton Washington on Friday, November 6, 2009, will highlight how discoveries in military medicine improve healthcare for service members and civilians. The symposium will feature leaders from military and civilian medicine who will address the following topics: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience Research; Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Response; and Infectious Diseases. Faith Hill will offer the keynote address at the luncheon.
"Our military men and women have sacrificed so much for our country, as have all those who have ever served our nation,” said Faith Hill, Grammy Award-winning performer. “It’s my honor to be involved with Country United and to take part in recognizing the tireless efforts of the medical community to advance care for our nation's warriors and citizens.”
The Country United Gala, to be held at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium on Saturday, November 7, 2009, will celebrate the achievements of researchers, clinicians, and others who work to advance medical care for and improve quality of life of our wounded warriors and citizens. The Gala will be emceed by Emmy Award-winning sports commentator Bob Costas and will feature a special performance by Tim McGraw, Faith Hill & Friends.
The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine is a private, not-for-profit organization authorized by Congress to support military medical research and education at USU and throughout the armed forces. Country United is an extension of HJF’s ongoing efforts to advance military medicine. (www.hjf.org)
The Tug McGraw Foundation was established in 2003 to enhance the quality of life of children and adults with brain tumors, and in 2009 expanded programs to include Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury. TMF collaborates and partners with other organizations to accelerate new treatments and cures while improving quality of life in areas of physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual impact of those debilitating conditions. (www.tugmcgraw.org)
Sunday, May 31, 2009
Gates Outlines Administration's Asia Security Strategy
By Fred W. Baker III
American Forces Press Service
May 30, 2009 - Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates opened the "Shangri-La Dialogue" Asia security summit here today outlining a broad set of regional security issues and promising continued support from the U.S. administration. The annual conference gathers defense, senior military and other officials from across the region to discuss mutual security challenges.
"America has paid a significant price in blood and treasure to fight aggression, deter potential adversaries, extend freedom, and maintain peace and prosperity in this part of the world," Gates said. "Our commitment to the region is just as strong today as it has ever been, if not stronger, since our own prosperity is increasingly linked with yours."
Gates said the challenge now is to fashion defense policies that adapt to the new realities of the region. He cited the long-standing treaties with Japan and South Korea, both formed in the early years of the Cold War "when both nations were impoverished and virtually destroyed." Now, Gates said, the countries are economic powerhouses with modern, well-trained and well-equipped military forces.
"They are more willing and able to take responsibility for their own defense and assume responsibility for security beyond their shores," Gates said.
As a result, the United States is making adjustments in its policies to maintain a posture that is more like that of a partner, Gates said. South Korea will take the lead role in its own defense in 2012. The U.S. military presence in the Pacific is growing, Gates added, noting increased relationships with India and China.
The secretary said the changes represent a shift in the defense strategy in the region, placing more emphasis on building the capacity of its allies and less on solely conventional military deterrence. The shift will represent a more balanced mix of "soft" and "hard" power, he added, with military, diplomatic, economic and humanitarian elements integrated seamlessly.
"It is an approach intended to further strengthen and deepen security in the Pacific Rim through maintaining our robust military presence, but also through strengthened and deepened partnerships," Gates said.
The secretary noted the unity in the global responses to the economic crisis, the threat of a pandemic flu and piracy. Despite occasional differences of opinion, he said, nations overall have come together to develop unified responses.
Gates said that stronger relationships among countries in the region are the key to facing security challenges such as piracy, weapons proliferation and terrorism, and that the U.S. administration promises a more collaborative and consultative foreign policy.
"What these challenges all have in common is that they simply cannot be overcome by one, or even two countries, no matter how wealthy and powerful," Gates said. "While the United States has unparalleled capabilities, we also recognize that the best solutions require multiple nations acting with uncommon unity."
American Forces Press Service
May 30, 2009 - Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates opened the "Shangri-La Dialogue" Asia security summit here today outlining a broad set of regional security issues and promising continued support from the U.S. administration. The annual conference gathers defense, senior military and other officials from across the region to discuss mutual security challenges.
"America has paid a significant price in blood and treasure to fight aggression, deter potential adversaries, extend freedom, and maintain peace and prosperity in this part of the world," Gates said. "Our commitment to the region is just as strong today as it has ever been, if not stronger, since our own prosperity is increasingly linked with yours."
Gates said the challenge now is to fashion defense policies that adapt to the new realities of the region. He cited the long-standing treaties with Japan and South Korea, both formed in the early years of the Cold War "when both nations were impoverished and virtually destroyed." Now, Gates said, the countries are economic powerhouses with modern, well-trained and well-equipped military forces.
"They are more willing and able to take responsibility for their own defense and assume responsibility for security beyond their shores," Gates said.
As a result, the United States is making adjustments in its policies to maintain a posture that is more like that of a partner, Gates said. South Korea will take the lead role in its own defense in 2012. The U.S. military presence in the Pacific is growing, Gates added, noting increased relationships with India and China.
The secretary said the changes represent a shift in the defense strategy in the region, placing more emphasis on building the capacity of its allies and less on solely conventional military deterrence. The shift will represent a more balanced mix of "soft" and "hard" power, he added, with military, diplomatic, economic and humanitarian elements integrated seamlessly.
"It is an approach intended to further strengthen and deepen security in the Pacific Rim through maintaining our robust military presence, but also through strengthened and deepened partnerships," Gates said.
The secretary noted the unity in the global responses to the economic crisis, the threat of a pandemic flu and piracy. Despite occasional differences of opinion, he said, nations overall have come together to develop unified responses.
Gates said that stronger relationships among countries in the region are the key to facing security challenges such as piracy, weapons proliferation and terrorism, and that the U.S. administration promises a more collaborative and consultative foreign policy.
"What these challenges all have in common is that they simply cannot be overcome by one, or even two countries, no matter how wealthy and powerful," Gates said. "While the United States has unparalleled capabilities, we also recognize that the best solutions require multiple nations acting with uncommon unity."
Gates Calls North Korea's Actions 'Reckless, Ultimately Self-destructive'
By Fred W. Baker III
American Forces Press Service
May 30, 2009 - In some of his strongest words on the subject to date, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates today said the United States will not accept North Korea as a nuclear weapons state and promised to defend U.S. allies in the region. "We will not stand idly by as North Korea builds the capability to wreak destruction on any target in the region – or on us," Gates said at the opening of the "Shangri-La Dialogue" Asia security summit here.
This comes on the heels of yet another reported missile test by North Korea yesterday. North Korea reported conducting both nuclear and missile tests this week and threatened to attack U.S. and South Korean warships.
The secretary called North Korea's quest for nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missiles "reckless, and ultimately self-destructive." The United States, he said, would not bend under the pressure or provocation of North Korea.
"North Korea's nuclear program and actions constitute a threat to regional peace and security," Gates said. "The transfer of nuclear weapons or material by North Korea to states or nonstate entities would be considered a great threat to the United States and our allies. And we would hold North Korea fully accountable for the consequences of such action."
On the military flight here, Gates told reporters traveling with him that there are no plans for military action against North Korea and that diplomatic measures are the first option for dealing with the country's developing nuclear threat. He said he hopes any sanctions, however, would target the country's leaders and not strike at its impoverished people.
Next week the United States will send senior officials to talk with leaders of South Korea, China, Japan and Russia. All are original members of the Six-Party Talks, put in place to attempt a peaceful resolution to the security concerns of North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
The talks have been stalled since the United Nations Security Council condemned North Korea in April for a failed missile test. Following the condemnation, North Korea expelled U.N. inspectors from the country.
Next week's talks will center on developing a unified approach to North Korea's actions, and will include discussion of military posturing should diplomatic sanctions fail, a senior defense department official said, speaking on background.
Gates met today with top defense officials from Japan and South Korea, the first time he's met with them simultaneously. Customarily, Japan and South Korea have met with the United States separately, but Gates is reaching out for more multilateral approaches to security issues in the region.
He also met briefly with a senior military official from China, the country that Gates says has the most influence on North Korea.
Significant international cooperation is needed to pressure North Korea into abandoning its nuclear weapons program, and the consequences of a military conflict in region are "enormous to contemplate," the secretary said. At this point, however, North Korea's nuclear program does not pose a direct military threat to the United States, he added.
"I think what is central to multilateral efforts ... is to try and peacefully stop those programs before they do in fact become ... a clear and present danger," Gates said during the question and answer session after his speech.
"If they continue on the path they're on," he said, "I think the consequences for stability in the region are significant, and I think it poses the potential ... for some kind of an arms race here in this region."
American Forces Press Service
May 30, 2009 - In some of his strongest words on the subject to date, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates today said the United States will not accept North Korea as a nuclear weapons state and promised to defend U.S. allies in the region. "We will not stand idly by as North Korea builds the capability to wreak destruction on any target in the region – or on us," Gates said at the opening of the "Shangri-La Dialogue" Asia security summit here.
This comes on the heels of yet another reported missile test by North Korea yesterday. North Korea reported conducting both nuclear and missile tests this week and threatened to attack U.S. and South Korean warships.
The secretary called North Korea's quest for nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missiles "reckless, and ultimately self-destructive." The United States, he said, would not bend under the pressure or provocation of North Korea.
"North Korea's nuclear program and actions constitute a threat to regional peace and security," Gates said. "The transfer of nuclear weapons or material by North Korea to states or nonstate entities would be considered a great threat to the United States and our allies. And we would hold North Korea fully accountable for the consequences of such action."
On the military flight here, Gates told reporters traveling with him that there are no plans for military action against North Korea and that diplomatic measures are the first option for dealing with the country's developing nuclear threat. He said he hopes any sanctions, however, would target the country's leaders and not strike at its impoverished people.
Next week the United States will send senior officials to talk with leaders of South Korea, China, Japan and Russia. All are original members of the Six-Party Talks, put in place to attempt a peaceful resolution to the security concerns of North Korea's nuclear weapons program.
The talks have been stalled since the United Nations Security Council condemned North Korea in April for a failed missile test. Following the condemnation, North Korea expelled U.N. inspectors from the country.
Next week's talks will center on developing a unified approach to North Korea's actions, and will include discussion of military posturing should diplomatic sanctions fail, a senior defense department official said, speaking on background.
Gates met today with top defense officials from Japan and South Korea, the first time he's met with them simultaneously. Customarily, Japan and South Korea have met with the United States separately, but Gates is reaching out for more multilateral approaches to security issues in the region.
He also met briefly with a senior military official from China, the country that Gates says has the most influence on North Korea.
Significant international cooperation is needed to pressure North Korea into abandoning its nuclear weapons program, and the consequences of a military conflict in region are "enormous to contemplate," the secretary said. At this point, however, North Korea's nuclear program does not pose a direct military threat to the United States, he added.
"I think what is central to multilateral efforts ... is to try and peacefully stop those programs before they do in fact become ... a clear and present danger," Gates said during the question and answer session after his speech.
"If they continue on the path they're on," he said, "I think the consequences for stability in the region are significant, and I think it poses the potential ... for some kind of an arms race here in this region."
Gates Delivers Keynote Address to Open Asia Security Conference
American Forces Press Service
May 30, 2009 - Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates delivered the keynote address today to open the "Shangri-La Dialogue," an annual Asia security conference in Singapore sponsored by the International Institute for Strategic Studies. Here is a transcript of the secretary's remarks:
Thank you for that kind introduction, John. And, as always, let me thank the International Institute for Strategic Studies, our Singaporean hosts, and everyone else who has helped put together this event. As with all IISS forums I attend – whether in Manama or here in Singapore – the opportunity to speak about global issues in settings like these is unparalleled.
Last year when I spoke here, I emphasized that the United States has enduring interests in Asia as a resident power – and thus everyone could expect continuity in our engagement with the region, even if a new administration brought changes in specific policies, or new initiatives and areas of emphasis. Little did I know that the "continuity" I spoke of would end up being quite so personal. I have now failed retirement from government service for the second – and hopefully final – time.
It is an honor to stand here before you once again, this time as part of the administration of President Obama. President Obama is the eighth president I have worked for, and in all my years in government – beginning some 43 years ago – U.S. engagement with Asia has been a mainstay of our foreign policy.
This is the first time, however, we've had a president with such a personal connection to the region. As you know, the president spent some of the early years of his childhood in Indonesia, and he has written about how it impacted him – how it demonstrated that citizens of a vibrant, pluralistic society could live together in harmony. I believe this is part of the reason the president has shown such energy and optimism when discussing his policies toward Asia.
And it is no accident that Secretary of State Clinton's first trip abroad was to this region. As she said just before her trip, "America cannot solve the problems of the world alone, and the world cannot solve them without America." Surveying the international landscape, it is hard to avoid the conclusion that few, if any, of the world's problems can be resolved without the support and ideas of the nations of the Pacific Rim. And so, with that in mind, I want to use my remarks today to discuss three main points:
-- First, the strategic reality of Asia and America's role in this order;
-- Second, the kinds of challenges we face in an interconnected world and how our dependence on one another yields unprecedented opportunities for cooperation; and
-- Finally, the type of leadership you can expect to see from the Obama administration.
Since the end of the Cold War, Asia's security environment has undergone remarkable change – spurred in part by globalization and the technological revolution of the last two decades and inspired by the dynamism of the peoples of Asia. In recent years, the nations of Asia have, for the most part, achieved unprecedented wealth and stature as they have forged more mature political, economic, and military institutions. All of this has demonstrated the correlation between economic prosperity and stability, and the need to ensure that Asia is appropriately represented in the global economic order.
All the while, the strategic landscape of Asia continues to evolve:
-- New and re-emerging centers of power – from China and Russia, to India and Indonesia – combined with other shifts, give impetus to the search for a new security architecture in the region;
-- When it comes to freedom, or standards of living, or security, the peoples of Asia are expecting more from themselves – and from their governments. Civil societies and democratic reforms have taken root, and, with them, we have seen a profound effect on domestic politics and national-security policies;
-- Military modernization has continued apace – with rising states seeking forces commensurate with their economic power, and smaller states trying to preserve their position in the regional order; and
-- The emergence of multiple transnational challenges – some new, some old, which I will discuss shortly – calls for greater cooperation between all of our nations.
The United States has welcomed Asia's rise over the last few decades, and, indeed, our continued presence in this part of the world has been an essential element enabling that rise. America has paid a significant price in blood and treasure to fight aggression, deter potential adversaries, extend freedom, and maintain peace and prosperity in this part of the world. We have done so over many generations and across many presidential administrations. Our commitment to the region is just as strong today as it has ever been – if not stronger since our own prosperity is increasingly linked with yours.
The challenge for the United States has been to fashion defense policies that adapt to the new realities – but do so in a way that preserves and protects our fundamental, and enduring, interests and values on the Pacific Rim, which includes the security and stability of the region as a whole.
Consider our relationships with long-standing treaty allies Japan and South Korea – cornerstones of our foreign policy. We entered into these alliances in the early years of the Cold War when both nations were impoverished and virtually destroyed.
The Republic of Korea and Japan have since become economic powerhouses with modern, well-trained and equipped military forces. They are more willing and able to take responsibility for their own defense and assume responsibility for security beyond their shores. As a result, we are making adjustments in each country to maintain a posture that is more appropriate to that of a partner, as opposed to a patron. Still, though, a partner fully prepared and able to carry out all – and I repeat, all – of our alliance obligations.
On the Korean Peninsula, we will transition wartime operational control in 2012, a historic moment when the Republic of Korea will take the lead role in its own defense. The United States will continue to maintain its firm commitment to security on the peninsula, even as we seek to broaden the alliance to address other security challenges in the region and beyond.
Similarly, our relationship with Japan is evolving. Just a couple weeks ago, Japan's Diet ratified the Guam International Agreement that Secretary Clinton signed during her trip. This agreement is a significant step in the implementation of our plan to strengthen our alliance, modernize our posture, and maintain our engagement in Asia over the long term.
So, in the central and western Pacific, we are actually increasing our military presence, with new air, naval, and marine assets based over the horizon in Guam and throughout the region – prepared as always to respond to a number of contingencies, natural or man-made.
At the same time, we are seeing developments with other nations and other friends:
-- Australia remains a steadfast ally whose cooperation is critical on a broad array of issues. We welcome Australia's new Defense White Paper reaffirming its role regionally and globally, and continue to seek ways to advance common interests together.
-- Last year we celebrated the 175th anniversary of U.S.-Thailand relations. And we look to expand our cooperation in coming years.
-- Our alliance with the Philippines has deepened as we tackle challenges ranging from terrorism to disaster relief to defense reform. And I look forward to visiting Manila soon.
-- Earlier this year, the administration announced that we are seeking to build a new comprehensive partnership with Indonesia. We congratulate Indonesia on the significant steps it has taken to strengthen its democracy – and its role in the region.
-- Our partnership with Singapore remains strong and we are working to increase cooperation with Malaysia, Vietnam, and others.
-- We are also looking to forge new partnerships in places long disregarded. This includes our emerging dialogue with Cambodia, as well as developments with Laos.
When it comes to India, we have seen a watershed in our relations – cooperation that would have been unthinkable in the recent past. As Admiral Keating, commander of United States Pacific Command, recently wrote, it is a "genuine convergence of national interests." In coming years, we look to India to be a partner and net provider of security in the Indian Ocean and beyond.
And we are working with China on common challenges – from economic matters to security issues such as regional areas of tension, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, energy security, piracy, and disaster relief. It is essential for the United States and China to find opportunities to cooperate wherever possible. This includes maintaining a defense relationship marked by consistent and open channels of communication and contact. The United States, for its part, will remain committed to this goal. Likewise, it is essential that we are transparent – both to each other and to the rest of the world – about our strategic goals, political intentions, and military development.
What we have seen in the U.S. approach to Asia in recent years – and what I believe we will see in the future – is a very real shift that reflects new thinking in U.S. defense strategy overall. A shift that, while continuing to fulfill our commitments to the permanent presence of, and direct action by, U.S. forces in the region – places ever greater emphasis on building the capacity of partners better to defend themselves. A shift away from solely conventional military deterrence as traditionally understood – think of mechanized divisions poised along the Korean demilitarized zone or the central plains of Germany. A shift toward a re-balanced mix of the so-called "hard" and "soft" elements of national power – where military, diplomatic, economic, cultural, and humanitarian elements are integrated seamlessly.
It is an approach that brings together various parts of the United States government to work more closely with diverse partners with a range of shared interests – from old allies such as Australia to former adversaries like Vietnam. It is an approach intended to further strengthen and deepen security in the Pacific Rim through maintaining our robust military presence but also through strengthened and deepened partnerships.
These new strategic realities will play a central role as the United States undergoes a number of policy reviews this year, including the Quadrennial Defense Review and the Nuclear Posture Review. These documents will lay out our view of the threats and challenges to our nation, and how that will be reflected in our future defense procurement and spending strategies. While it is at times a messy process, it will be an open and transparent exercise – so that no one will get the wrong idea about our intentions. We will consult with key allies and partners. And we will articulate our strategy clearly. It is our hope that this effort can be an example of the power of openness and its ability to reduce miscommunication and the risk of competitive arms spending.
I believe these documents will help us pursue whole-of-government approaches that offer the only solution to the vexing security challenges of the modern era. Which brings me to my second point: the nature of the threats we face.
As in the rest of the world, in Asia the traditional dilemmas posed by rising, resurgent, or rogue nation states coexist with a range of diverse, unconventional threats that transcend national borders. Some are ancient – such as piracy, ethnic strife, and poverty. Others are of more recent vintage: terrorist networks harnessing new technologies; weapons proliferation; environmental degradation; drug and human trafficking; cyber security; climate change; economic turmoil in the global markets; and the emergence of deadly and contagious diseases that can spread more rapidly than ever before in human history.
It has become clear in just the last two decades that "security" encompasses far more than just military considerations. An economic crisis can become a security crisis. A lack of good governance can undermine order and stability. Under pressure from criminals or disease, weak states can become failed states.
What these challenges all have in common is that they cannot simply be overcome by one, or even two countries, no matter how wealthy or powerful. While the United States has unparalleled capabilities, we also recognize that the best solutions require multiple nations acting with uncommon unity.
I have been heartened in recent months by the global response to the economic crisis, the threat of a pandemic flu, and piracy in the Gulf of Aden and off the Horn of Africa. While there have been some differences of opinion, overall our nations have shown the willpower to come together and develop unified responses.
One of the areas in which we are most engaged is maritime security – and the efforts to combat piracy and proliferation. United States Pacific Command works closely with a number of nations – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and more – to provide the training and equipment, from radars to patrol craft, enabling them to assert control over waterways that have been used by drug smugglers, weapons smugglers, and terrorists.
The United States has also provided assistance to help nations work together: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and others are securing and improving transit routes in the region. And of course, Asian countries have played a major role off the Horn of Africa – with Malaysia, India, Singapore, Korea, Japan, and China all taking part in anti-piracy efforts.
In addition to improving the capabilities of friends, we are encouraging them wherever possible to partner and cooperate more with their neighbors and other nations. Here we are trying to overcome the conventions and habits of the Cold War. For decades after World War II, Asia's security architecture mostly reflected a "hub and spokes" model, with the United States as the "hub" and the "spokes" representing a series of bilateral alliances with other countries that did not necessarily cooperate much with each other. To be sure, Asia already has a number of formal and informal multilateral institutions:
-- ASEAN, for example, has for decades been the foundation for prosperity and stability in Southeast Asia – relying upon the idea that a broader dialogue spreads trust and stability.
-- Similarly, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum plays an important role in regional development and trade.
-- And there are also ad hoc arrangements, such as ones centered on efforts to combat piracy and illegal trafficking.
Moving forward, we would like to see a good deal more cooperation among our allies and security partners – more multilateral ties in addition to hubs and spokes. Let me be clear: This does not mean any weakening of our bilateral ties, but rather enhancing security by adding to them multilateral cooperation.
These kinds of efforts have faced no shortage of obstacles. Countries have sometimes found it hard to work with us, or with each other. But we believe that the nations of the region must move in a more multilateral direction in order to deal with the most pressing threats in this era.
One of the greatest challenges, and one that cannot be overcome without close cooperation between and among countries, is of course terrorism – as an ideological movement, as a criminal enterprise, as a scourge that transcends borders, peoples, and religions. Working together, we have made substantial progress in suppressing terrorism in Asia and reducing the conditions under which it thrives.
I know some in Asia have concluded that Afghanistan does not represent a strategic threat to their countries, owing in part to Afghanistan's geographic location. But the threat from failed or failing states is international in scope – whether in the security, economic, or ideological realms. Extremists in Asia have engaged in terrorist acts such as in Bali, terrorist activity and guerilla warfare in Mindanao, and they have plotted attacks in several Southeast Asian nations. They are inspired by, and at times received support directly from, groups operating along the Afghan-Pakistani border – the ungoverned space from which this threat ultimately emanates.
Failure in a place like Afghanistan would have international reverberations – and, undoubtedly, many of them would be felt in this part of the world.
The United States has unveiled a new strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan – with new leadership, new resources, and a new sense of urgency. I am optimistic that we will gain momentum over the next year – but it will require hard work.
I thank the countries here that have contributed to this mission. Among them:
-- Australia continues to be in the thick of some of the toughest fighting;
-- Japan has made great financial contributions;
-- India continues infrastructure projects throughout Afghanistan; and
-- New Zealand and Singapore continue to help man Provincial Reconstruction Teams.
But Afghanistan needs more. To establish a sustainable and effective government in Afghanistan, it needs additional:
-- Aid and expertise to help build infrastructure;
-- Funding to expand and maintain the Afghan National Army and police;
-- Experts in a variety of fields, such as prison reform, civil service, health care, agriculture, engineering, and education; and
-- Assistance to ensure that the presidential and provincial elections this year – and next year's parliamentary and district council elections – are free, fair, and credible.
The challenge in Afghanistan is so complex, and so untraditional, that it can only be met by all of us working in concert. All must contribute what they can to a cause that demands the full attention of the international community – a cause that is worthy of sacrifice and in everyone's national interest.
Other developments pose challenges to the long-term stability, security, and peace of Asia. Whether on the sea, in the air, in space, or cyberspace, the global commons represents a realm where we must cooperate – where we must adhere to the rule of law and the other mechanisms that have helped maintain regional peace. Only by committing to openness and transparency – by adhering to standard operational practices and international law – can we prevent misunderstandings, accidents, and even open conflicts.
We also have to contend with the problem of Burma, one of the isolated, desolate exceptions to the growing prosperity and freedom of the region. We saw Burma's resistance to accept basic humanitarian aid last year following the cyclone – a decision indicative of that country's approach to the rest of the world. We need to see real change in Burma – the release of political prisoners, including Aung San Suu Kyi, and the institution of meaningful dialogue between the junta and the opposition.
And then there's North Korea. Dependent on the charity of the international community to alleviate the hunger and suffering of its people, North Korea's leadership has chosen to focus the North's limited energy and resources on a reckless and ultimately self-destructive quest for nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missiles.
These programs have isolated North Korea globally and, quite literally, starved its people.
The policy of the United States has not changed: Our goal is complete and verifiable denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, and we will not accept North Korea as a nuclear weapons state. North Korea's nuclear program and actions constitute a threat to regional peace and security. We unequivocally reaffirm our commitment to the defense of our allies in the region. The transfer of nuclear weapons or material by North Korea to states or non-state entities would be considered a grave threat to the United States and our allies. And we would hold North Korea fully accountable for the consequences of such action.
President Obama has offered an open hand to tyrannies that unclench their fists. He is hopeful, but he is not naïve. Likewise, the United States and our allies are open to dialogue, but we will not bend to pressure or provocation. And on this count, North Korea's latest reply to our overtures isn't exactly something we would characterize as helpful or constructive. We will not stand idly by as North Korea builds the capability to wreak destruction on any target in the region – or on us.
At the end of the day, the choice to continue as a destitute, international pariah, or chart a new course, is North Korea's alone to make. The world is waiting.
There are no easy solutions to the challenges I have outlined this morning. And that brings me to my final point: the type of leadership you can expect from President Obama and the United States in coming years.
When Secretary Clinton visited the region, she said that this administration is committed to listening to the views of friends and partners across the globe. For example, we are now beginning to negotiate accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation – which demonstrates our willingness to take regional norms into account as we consider our relationships across the globe.
The President, similarly, has spoken of a more collaborative and consultative foreign policy – one committed to forging common solutions to common problems. Do not get me wrong: The United States will continue to be assertive on the international stage. We will protect our allies and our interests. We are, as a former secretary of state said, an indispensable power – but we are also one that is aware of our own limitations, aware that the world and nearly all the challenges we face are simply too complex to go it alone.
Let me close with a final thought. Throughout more than two centuries, the United States has been a beacon of freedom. In our efforts to protect our own freedom – and that of others – we have from time to time made mistakes, including at times being arrogant in dealing with others. But we always correct our course, and our willingness to do so is one of our most enduring strengths. In the end we know that our own democracy's strength ultimately depends on adhering to our nation's values and ideals – and on the strength and independence of other democracies and partners around the world. Those remain the guiding principles of our foreign policy today.
May 30, 2009 - Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates delivered the keynote address today to open the "Shangri-La Dialogue," an annual Asia security conference in Singapore sponsored by the International Institute for Strategic Studies. Here is a transcript of the secretary's remarks:
Thank you for that kind introduction, John. And, as always, let me thank the International Institute for Strategic Studies, our Singaporean hosts, and everyone else who has helped put together this event. As with all IISS forums I attend – whether in Manama or here in Singapore – the opportunity to speak about global issues in settings like these is unparalleled.
Last year when I spoke here, I emphasized that the United States has enduring interests in Asia as a resident power – and thus everyone could expect continuity in our engagement with the region, even if a new administration brought changes in specific policies, or new initiatives and areas of emphasis. Little did I know that the "continuity" I spoke of would end up being quite so personal. I have now failed retirement from government service for the second – and hopefully final – time.
It is an honor to stand here before you once again, this time as part of the administration of President Obama. President Obama is the eighth president I have worked for, and in all my years in government – beginning some 43 years ago – U.S. engagement with Asia has been a mainstay of our foreign policy.
This is the first time, however, we've had a president with such a personal connection to the region. As you know, the president spent some of the early years of his childhood in Indonesia, and he has written about how it impacted him – how it demonstrated that citizens of a vibrant, pluralistic society could live together in harmony. I believe this is part of the reason the president has shown such energy and optimism when discussing his policies toward Asia.
And it is no accident that Secretary of State Clinton's first trip abroad was to this region. As she said just before her trip, "America cannot solve the problems of the world alone, and the world cannot solve them without America." Surveying the international landscape, it is hard to avoid the conclusion that few, if any, of the world's problems can be resolved without the support and ideas of the nations of the Pacific Rim. And so, with that in mind, I want to use my remarks today to discuss three main points:
-- First, the strategic reality of Asia and America's role in this order;
-- Second, the kinds of challenges we face in an interconnected world and how our dependence on one another yields unprecedented opportunities for cooperation; and
-- Finally, the type of leadership you can expect to see from the Obama administration.
Since the end of the Cold War, Asia's security environment has undergone remarkable change – spurred in part by globalization and the technological revolution of the last two decades and inspired by the dynamism of the peoples of Asia. In recent years, the nations of Asia have, for the most part, achieved unprecedented wealth and stature as they have forged more mature political, economic, and military institutions. All of this has demonstrated the correlation between economic prosperity and stability, and the need to ensure that Asia is appropriately represented in the global economic order.
All the while, the strategic landscape of Asia continues to evolve:
-- New and re-emerging centers of power – from China and Russia, to India and Indonesia – combined with other shifts, give impetus to the search for a new security architecture in the region;
-- When it comes to freedom, or standards of living, or security, the peoples of Asia are expecting more from themselves – and from their governments. Civil societies and democratic reforms have taken root, and, with them, we have seen a profound effect on domestic politics and national-security policies;
-- Military modernization has continued apace – with rising states seeking forces commensurate with their economic power, and smaller states trying to preserve their position in the regional order; and
-- The emergence of multiple transnational challenges – some new, some old, which I will discuss shortly – calls for greater cooperation between all of our nations.
The United States has welcomed Asia's rise over the last few decades, and, indeed, our continued presence in this part of the world has been an essential element enabling that rise. America has paid a significant price in blood and treasure to fight aggression, deter potential adversaries, extend freedom, and maintain peace and prosperity in this part of the world. We have done so over many generations and across many presidential administrations. Our commitment to the region is just as strong today as it has ever been – if not stronger since our own prosperity is increasingly linked with yours.
The challenge for the United States has been to fashion defense policies that adapt to the new realities – but do so in a way that preserves and protects our fundamental, and enduring, interests and values on the Pacific Rim, which includes the security and stability of the region as a whole.
Consider our relationships with long-standing treaty allies Japan and South Korea – cornerstones of our foreign policy. We entered into these alliances in the early years of the Cold War when both nations were impoverished and virtually destroyed.
The Republic of Korea and Japan have since become economic powerhouses with modern, well-trained and equipped military forces. They are more willing and able to take responsibility for their own defense and assume responsibility for security beyond their shores. As a result, we are making adjustments in each country to maintain a posture that is more appropriate to that of a partner, as opposed to a patron. Still, though, a partner fully prepared and able to carry out all – and I repeat, all – of our alliance obligations.
On the Korean Peninsula, we will transition wartime operational control in 2012, a historic moment when the Republic of Korea will take the lead role in its own defense. The United States will continue to maintain its firm commitment to security on the peninsula, even as we seek to broaden the alliance to address other security challenges in the region and beyond.
Similarly, our relationship with Japan is evolving. Just a couple weeks ago, Japan's Diet ratified the Guam International Agreement that Secretary Clinton signed during her trip. This agreement is a significant step in the implementation of our plan to strengthen our alliance, modernize our posture, and maintain our engagement in Asia over the long term.
So, in the central and western Pacific, we are actually increasing our military presence, with new air, naval, and marine assets based over the horizon in Guam and throughout the region – prepared as always to respond to a number of contingencies, natural or man-made.
At the same time, we are seeing developments with other nations and other friends:
-- Australia remains a steadfast ally whose cooperation is critical on a broad array of issues. We welcome Australia's new Defense White Paper reaffirming its role regionally and globally, and continue to seek ways to advance common interests together.
-- Last year we celebrated the 175th anniversary of U.S.-Thailand relations. And we look to expand our cooperation in coming years.
-- Our alliance with the Philippines has deepened as we tackle challenges ranging from terrorism to disaster relief to defense reform. And I look forward to visiting Manila soon.
-- Earlier this year, the administration announced that we are seeking to build a new comprehensive partnership with Indonesia. We congratulate Indonesia on the significant steps it has taken to strengthen its democracy – and its role in the region.
-- Our partnership with Singapore remains strong and we are working to increase cooperation with Malaysia, Vietnam, and others.
-- We are also looking to forge new partnerships in places long disregarded. This includes our emerging dialogue with Cambodia, as well as developments with Laos.
When it comes to India, we have seen a watershed in our relations – cooperation that would have been unthinkable in the recent past. As Admiral Keating, commander of United States Pacific Command, recently wrote, it is a "genuine convergence of national interests." In coming years, we look to India to be a partner and net provider of security in the Indian Ocean and beyond.
And we are working with China on common challenges – from economic matters to security issues such as regional areas of tension, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, energy security, piracy, and disaster relief. It is essential for the United States and China to find opportunities to cooperate wherever possible. This includes maintaining a defense relationship marked by consistent and open channels of communication and contact. The United States, for its part, will remain committed to this goal. Likewise, it is essential that we are transparent – both to each other and to the rest of the world – about our strategic goals, political intentions, and military development.
What we have seen in the U.S. approach to Asia in recent years – and what I believe we will see in the future – is a very real shift that reflects new thinking in U.S. defense strategy overall. A shift that, while continuing to fulfill our commitments to the permanent presence of, and direct action by, U.S. forces in the region – places ever greater emphasis on building the capacity of partners better to defend themselves. A shift away from solely conventional military deterrence as traditionally understood – think of mechanized divisions poised along the Korean demilitarized zone or the central plains of Germany. A shift toward a re-balanced mix of the so-called "hard" and "soft" elements of national power – where military, diplomatic, economic, cultural, and humanitarian elements are integrated seamlessly.
It is an approach that brings together various parts of the United States government to work more closely with diverse partners with a range of shared interests – from old allies such as Australia to former adversaries like Vietnam. It is an approach intended to further strengthen and deepen security in the Pacific Rim through maintaining our robust military presence but also through strengthened and deepened partnerships.
These new strategic realities will play a central role as the United States undergoes a number of policy reviews this year, including the Quadrennial Defense Review and the Nuclear Posture Review. These documents will lay out our view of the threats and challenges to our nation, and how that will be reflected in our future defense procurement and spending strategies. While it is at times a messy process, it will be an open and transparent exercise – so that no one will get the wrong idea about our intentions. We will consult with key allies and partners. And we will articulate our strategy clearly. It is our hope that this effort can be an example of the power of openness and its ability to reduce miscommunication and the risk of competitive arms spending.
I believe these documents will help us pursue whole-of-government approaches that offer the only solution to the vexing security challenges of the modern era. Which brings me to my second point: the nature of the threats we face.
As in the rest of the world, in Asia the traditional dilemmas posed by rising, resurgent, or rogue nation states coexist with a range of diverse, unconventional threats that transcend national borders. Some are ancient – such as piracy, ethnic strife, and poverty. Others are of more recent vintage: terrorist networks harnessing new technologies; weapons proliferation; environmental degradation; drug and human trafficking; cyber security; climate change; economic turmoil in the global markets; and the emergence of deadly and contagious diseases that can spread more rapidly than ever before in human history.
It has become clear in just the last two decades that "security" encompasses far more than just military considerations. An economic crisis can become a security crisis. A lack of good governance can undermine order and stability. Under pressure from criminals or disease, weak states can become failed states.
What these challenges all have in common is that they cannot simply be overcome by one, or even two countries, no matter how wealthy or powerful. While the United States has unparalleled capabilities, we also recognize that the best solutions require multiple nations acting with uncommon unity.
I have been heartened in recent months by the global response to the economic crisis, the threat of a pandemic flu, and piracy in the Gulf of Aden and off the Horn of Africa. While there have been some differences of opinion, overall our nations have shown the willpower to come together and develop unified responses.
One of the areas in which we are most engaged is maritime security – and the efforts to combat piracy and proliferation. United States Pacific Command works closely with a number of nations – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and more – to provide the training and equipment, from radars to patrol craft, enabling them to assert control over waterways that have been used by drug smugglers, weapons smugglers, and terrorists.
The United States has also provided assistance to help nations work together: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and others are securing and improving transit routes in the region. And of course, Asian countries have played a major role off the Horn of Africa – with Malaysia, India, Singapore, Korea, Japan, and China all taking part in anti-piracy efforts.
In addition to improving the capabilities of friends, we are encouraging them wherever possible to partner and cooperate more with their neighbors and other nations. Here we are trying to overcome the conventions and habits of the Cold War. For decades after World War II, Asia's security architecture mostly reflected a "hub and spokes" model, with the United States as the "hub" and the "spokes" representing a series of bilateral alliances with other countries that did not necessarily cooperate much with each other. To be sure, Asia already has a number of formal and informal multilateral institutions:
-- ASEAN, for example, has for decades been the foundation for prosperity and stability in Southeast Asia – relying upon the idea that a broader dialogue spreads trust and stability.
-- Similarly, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum plays an important role in regional development and trade.
-- And there are also ad hoc arrangements, such as ones centered on efforts to combat piracy and illegal trafficking.
Moving forward, we would like to see a good deal more cooperation among our allies and security partners – more multilateral ties in addition to hubs and spokes. Let me be clear: This does not mean any weakening of our bilateral ties, but rather enhancing security by adding to them multilateral cooperation.
These kinds of efforts have faced no shortage of obstacles. Countries have sometimes found it hard to work with us, or with each other. But we believe that the nations of the region must move in a more multilateral direction in order to deal with the most pressing threats in this era.
One of the greatest challenges, and one that cannot be overcome without close cooperation between and among countries, is of course terrorism – as an ideological movement, as a criminal enterprise, as a scourge that transcends borders, peoples, and religions. Working together, we have made substantial progress in suppressing terrorism in Asia and reducing the conditions under which it thrives.
I know some in Asia have concluded that Afghanistan does not represent a strategic threat to their countries, owing in part to Afghanistan's geographic location. But the threat from failed or failing states is international in scope – whether in the security, economic, or ideological realms. Extremists in Asia have engaged in terrorist acts such as in Bali, terrorist activity and guerilla warfare in Mindanao, and they have plotted attacks in several Southeast Asian nations. They are inspired by, and at times received support directly from, groups operating along the Afghan-Pakistani border – the ungoverned space from which this threat ultimately emanates.
Failure in a place like Afghanistan would have international reverberations – and, undoubtedly, many of them would be felt in this part of the world.
The United States has unveiled a new strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan – with new leadership, new resources, and a new sense of urgency. I am optimistic that we will gain momentum over the next year – but it will require hard work.
I thank the countries here that have contributed to this mission. Among them:
-- Australia continues to be in the thick of some of the toughest fighting;
-- Japan has made great financial contributions;
-- India continues infrastructure projects throughout Afghanistan; and
-- New Zealand and Singapore continue to help man Provincial Reconstruction Teams.
But Afghanistan needs more. To establish a sustainable and effective government in Afghanistan, it needs additional:
-- Aid and expertise to help build infrastructure;
-- Funding to expand and maintain the Afghan National Army and police;
-- Experts in a variety of fields, such as prison reform, civil service, health care, agriculture, engineering, and education; and
-- Assistance to ensure that the presidential and provincial elections this year – and next year's parliamentary and district council elections – are free, fair, and credible.
The challenge in Afghanistan is so complex, and so untraditional, that it can only be met by all of us working in concert. All must contribute what they can to a cause that demands the full attention of the international community – a cause that is worthy of sacrifice and in everyone's national interest.
Other developments pose challenges to the long-term stability, security, and peace of Asia. Whether on the sea, in the air, in space, or cyberspace, the global commons represents a realm where we must cooperate – where we must adhere to the rule of law and the other mechanisms that have helped maintain regional peace. Only by committing to openness and transparency – by adhering to standard operational practices and international law – can we prevent misunderstandings, accidents, and even open conflicts.
We also have to contend with the problem of Burma, one of the isolated, desolate exceptions to the growing prosperity and freedom of the region. We saw Burma's resistance to accept basic humanitarian aid last year following the cyclone – a decision indicative of that country's approach to the rest of the world. We need to see real change in Burma – the release of political prisoners, including Aung San Suu Kyi, and the institution of meaningful dialogue between the junta and the opposition.
And then there's North Korea. Dependent on the charity of the international community to alleviate the hunger and suffering of its people, North Korea's leadership has chosen to focus the North's limited energy and resources on a reckless and ultimately self-destructive quest for nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missiles.
These programs have isolated North Korea globally and, quite literally, starved its people.
The policy of the United States has not changed: Our goal is complete and verifiable denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, and we will not accept North Korea as a nuclear weapons state. North Korea's nuclear program and actions constitute a threat to regional peace and security. We unequivocally reaffirm our commitment to the defense of our allies in the region. The transfer of nuclear weapons or material by North Korea to states or non-state entities would be considered a grave threat to the United States and our allies. And we would hold North Korea fully accountable for the consequences of such action.
President Obama has offered an open hand to tyrannies that unclench their fists. He is hopeful, but he is not naïve. Likewise, the United States and our allies are open to dialogue, but we will not bend to pressure or provocation. And on this count, North Korea's latest reply to our overtures isn't exactly something we would characterize as helpful or constructive. We will not stand idly by as North Korea builds the capability to wreak destruction on any target in the region – or on us.
At the end of the day, the choice to continue as a destitute, international pariah, or chart a new course, is North Korea's alone to make. The world is waiting.
There are no easy solutions to the challenges I have outlined this morning. And that brings me to my final point: the type of leadership you can expect from President Obama and the United States in coming years.
When Secretary Clinton visited the region, she said that this administration is committed to listening to the views of friends and partners across the globe. For example, we are now beginning to negotiate accession to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation – which demonstrates our willingness to take regional norms into account as we consider our relationships across the globe.
The President, similarly, has spoken of a more collaborative and consultative foreign policy – one committed to forging common solutions to common problems. Do not get me wrong: The United States will continue to be assertive on the international stage. We will protect our allies and our interests. We are, as a former secretary of state said, an indispensable power – but we are also one that is aware of our own limitations, aware that the world and nearly all the challenges we face are simply too complex to go it alone.
Let me close with a final thought. Throughout more than two centuries, the United States has been a beacon of freedom. In our efforts to protect our own freedom – and that of others – we have from time to time made mistakes, including at times being arrogant in dealing with others. But we always correct our course, and our willingness to do so is one of our most enduring strengths. In the end we know that our own democracy's strength ultimately depends on adhering to our nation's values and ideals – and on the strength and independence of other democracies and partners around the world. Those remain the guiding principles of our foreign policy today.
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