Wednesday, September 26, 2018

Seminar Looks at Near East, South Asia Nontraditional Threats


FORT LESLEY J. MCNAIR, D.C. -- Officials and experts from around the Near East and South Asia gathered here to look at the security challenges in the region, National Defense University officials said.

More than 40 participants discussed nontraditional security challenges at an executive seminar sponsored by the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies. The seminar ran Sept. 10-21.

The participants heard from a variety of speakers, including retired Air Force Gen. Michael Hayden, the former director of the National Security Agency and Central Intelligence Agency; Lt. Gen. Michael X. Garrett, the commander of U.S. Army Central; and Dan Brouillette, deputy secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Discussion Topics

The participants discussed the coalition dedicated to the defeat of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, the problems posed by Iran, increasing security cooperation and intelligence sharing. They also discussed threats arising from cyber warfare, weapons of mass destruction and energy security.

The executive seminars are the flagship events in the center’s annual set of 22 specialized programs. They provide a collaborative space for policymakers from the Near East-South Asia region to discuss geopolitical issues and cultivate relations with each other and the United States, officials said.
Participants in the seminar included representatives from Egypt, India, Iraq, Israel, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Turkey and the United States.

Military Aids Disaster Response Effort in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence


By Navy Lt. Haider Mullick, U.S. Army North

RALEIGH, N.C. -- After two weeks of preparing and providing relief to communities devastated by Hurricane Florence in North Carolina, active-duty soldiers are winding down rescue efforts while remaining ready to meet federal and local needs.

At the peak of the response, more than 12,000 National Guard and federal military personnel supported the hurricane response efforts, rescuing people and pets, transporting first responders and delivering food and water.

Under the framework of state joint force commands established in North and South Carolina, active duty and Reserve Component military forces supported the Federal Emergency Management Agency and state authorities in response to the needs of citizens affected by the storm.

Federal forces were prepared to assist both North and South Carolina, said Lt. Gen. Jeffrey S. Buchanan, commander of U.S. Army North and U.S. Northern Command’s Joint Forces Land Component Command.

Team Effort

“We brought together all the resources of the federal side of the military -- Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps,” Buchanan said.

Army North’s higher headquarters, Northcom, is the  Defense Department’s synchronizer for Defense support of civil authorities, and brought additional capabilities and capacity to the hurricane response efforts. These capabilities included communication support for landlines and cell phone towers, medical units, and five-ton troop transportation trucks with high suspension to maneuver flood waters.

Additionally, a Navy surface group led by the USS Kearsarge departed Norfolk, Virginia, for the open seas, then followed the storm toward the shore and postured near the coast to be ready to provide support off shore.

Acting on lessons learned from Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, Army North became fully engaged in response efforts for Hurricane Florence before the storm made landfall, building logistical networks to facilitate rapid lifesaving and sustaining operations.

“While we acknowledge that every natural disaster is distinct, we have learned that coming in early helps tremendously to ensure we are not late” to provide assistance, Buchanan said.

The Army North staff worked closely with forces commanded by Army Maj. Gen. James Ernst of the North Carolina National Guard, who was designated as the dual status commander by the secretary of defense.

“It's my job to coordinate the efforts of both the North Carolina National Guard and the active-duty units that come in,” Ernst said.

Soldiers Support Disaster Response Mission

The 3rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command from Fort Bragg commanded key units such as the post’s ad hoc “Task Force Truck” and the 101st Sustainment Brigade as they conducted high water rescue missions across North Carolina’s coastal towns including flood-ravaged Lumberton and Wilmington. Soldiers in tactical vehicles helped rescue displaced residents in waist-high water.

Soldiers from the 74th Composite Truck Company, 129th Combat Support Sustainment Battalion, 101st Sustainment Brigade, 101st Airborne Division from Fort Campbell, Kentucky, conducted high-water rescues in Lumberton from Sept. 17-21.

“It felt really good to help people,” said Army Spc. Mathew Perkins.

Other members of the unit also shared their stories after returning to Fort Bragg, North Carolina, after transitioning remaining missions to National Guard units.

“My job was to keep all our Army vehicles and the vehicles of the [North Carolina National] Guard operational, and we did that,” Army Spc. Rochelle Llorico said. “We saved lives, and the support from the people was overwhelming.”

Army Staff Sgt. Jeremy Allen remembered one family -- a single mom with two young teen daughters.

“They decided to stay because they loved their home. It was everything they had,” Allen said. “We gave them some supplies, and they were resilient. Their story is the American story. We’re stronger when we help each other.”

‘The People Are Very Grateful’

Army Sgt. Demetri Robinson recalled rescuing three men and a cat. “They were so glad we also saved the cat,” he said. “The people are very grateful, and we’re all united in saving lives.”

In South Carolina, the state established a dual status command headed by Army Maj. Gen. R. Van McCarty. The National Guard postured assets statewide to ensure county emergency planners had resources available for whatever was needed to assist their citizens through the aftereffects of the storm.

Even as the federal military returns some capabilities to home station to resume other DoD missions, Army North remains vigilant, Buchanan said. The command is monitoring continued flooding in the Carolinas as well as two weather systems in the Pacific and four in the Atlantic.

The Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico remain vulnerable following hurricanes Irma and Maria last year, so Army North has prepositioned communications equipment to be postured for the 2018 hurricane season.

While the primary mission of Northcom is defending the American homeland, helping Americans impacted by natural disasters will always be a DoD responsibility, Buchanan said.

“You know, we in the Army have deployed all over the world -- Afghanistan, Iraq, Yemen, Somalia, Honduras,” he said. “But it is uniquely gratifying when you serve fellow Americans at home.”

Mattis: More Data Needed to Assess Women’s Effectiveness in Combat Arms


By Jim Garamone, DoD News, Defense Media Activity

WASHINGTON -- With so few women in combat arms right now, the services and Defense Department officials really can’t judge how successful the effort has been, Defense Secretary James N. Mattis told cadets at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, Virginia, yesterday.

“It’s a very, very tough issue because it goes from some people's perspective of what kind of society do we want,” the secretary said. “In the event of trouble, you're sleeping at night in your family home and you are the dad, mom, whatever. And you hear glass break downstairs. Who grabs a baseball bat and gets between the kids' door and whoever broke in, and who reaches for the phone to call 911? In other words, it goes to the most almost primitive needs of a society to look out for its most vulnerable.”

At heart, this is the issue DoD faces, Mattis told the cadet who asked him what results he had seen. The question for the department comes down to whether it is a strength or a weakness to have women in the close-quarter infantry fight, Mattis said.

Then-Defense Secretary Leon Panetta opened the door by removing the ban on women in combat jobs in 2013. In 2015, then-Defense Secretary Ash Carter directed the services to open all military occupational specialties to women. Currently, 356 women are combat arms soldiers, and 17 women have graduated from the Army’s Ranger School. The Marine Corps has 113 enlisted women and 29 officers in previously restricted specialties. Specifically in infantry, the Marine Corps has 26 enlisted Marines and one officer who are women.

The secretary said he cannot make a determination about the situation because “so few women have signed up along these lines.”

“We don't even have data at this time that I can answer your question,” he added.

Unit Culture

Part of what drives the question is the culture of close-combat units, the retired Marine Corps general said. “I was never under any illusions at what level of respect my Marines would have for me if I couldn't run with the fastest of them and look like it didn't bother me [or] if I couldn't do as many pullups as the strongest of them,” Mattis said. “It was the unfairness of the infantry. How did the infantry get its name? Infant soldier. Young soldier. Very young soldier. They're cocky, they're rambunctious, they're necessarily macho, and it's the most primitive – I would say even evil -- environment. You can't even explain it.”

The close-combat fight is war at its most basic, and Mattis cited an Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. quote when talking to his fellow Civil War veterans: "We have shared the incommunicable experience of war."

The nation needs to discuss this issue, the secretary said. “The military has got to have officers who look at this with a great deal of objectivity and at the same time remember our natural inclination to have this open to all,” he said. “But we cannot do something that militarily doesn't make sense.”

The Army chief of staff and Marine Corps commandant are looking at the issue. “This is a policy that I inherited, and so far the cadre is so small we have no data on it,” he said. “We're hoping to get data soon. There are a few stalwart young ladies who are charging into this, but they are too few. Clearly the jury is out on it, but what we're trying to do is give it every opportunity to succeed if it can.”