Monday, February 16, 2009

U.S. Interests Face Challenges in Europe, Intelligence Chief Says

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 16, 2009 - (This is the second in a three-part series on the intelligence community's annual threat assessment.) Russia's perceived strengths and its policies, tensions in Eurasia, Caucasus and Central Asia, and instability in the Balkans all pose challenges to U.S. interests in Europe, the director of national intelligence said Feb. 12.

Dennis C. Blair, a retired Navy admiral, told the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence that Russia continues to rebuild its military and, as events in Georgia last year show, use those forces to impress on the world that the nation is still relevant.

"Russian challenges to US interests now spring more from Moscow's perceived strengths than from the state weaknesses characteristic of the 1990s," Blair said in prepared testimony.

"U.S. involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan and general anti-Americanism have created openings for Russia to build alternative arrangements to the US-led international political and economic institutional order," he said.

Russia is attempting to increase its ability to influence events, he said, by "actively cultivating relations with regional powers, including China, Iran, and Venezuela."

Blair said Russia's energy policy is aimed at increasing the country's importance on the European continent.

"Moscow also is trying to maintain control over energy supply and transportation networks to Europe to East Asia, and protect and further enhance its market share in Europe through new bilateral energy partnerships and organizing a gas cartel with other major exporters," he said.

"Russia appears to believe the continued heavy dependence of European countries and former Soviet states on Russia's state gas monopoly, Gazprom, provides Moscow with political and economic leverage," he said.

The United States and Russia can continue to work some issues together, Blair said, but some issues – such as NATO enlargement, European Missile Defense and the breakaway Georgian provinces of Abkhasia and South Ossetia – will pose difficulties.

Russia's relations with its neighbors – and once vassals – will always be strained to one extent or another. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Georgia, Belarus all have complicated relationships with Moscow, he said.

Ukraine will have a presidential election next winter, and pressure applied by Russia pressure and by the global financial crisis will work on the country, he said.

"Ukraine has moved toward democracy and Western integration despite numerous political tests since independence," he said. Progress will be difficult because of weak political institutions and on-going conflicts with Russia over gas-pricing and contracts, he said, noting that the Ukrainian economy is weak, and this may affect stability in the nation.

The former Central Asia soviet socialist republics – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan – are ill-equipped to deal with growing Muslim extremism, he said.

"Energy helped make Kazakhstan a regional economic force, but any sustained decline in oil prices would affect revenues, could lead to societal discontent and will derail to momentum for domestic reforms," he said.

The global financial crisis will affect Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan the most, since over 40 percent of the gross domestic product of both countries comes from remittances, but all of the Central Asian countries – with their weak governments – will be affected, Blair said.

The Balkans are the greatest threat to stability within Europe, Blair said. Kosovo could be a flashpoint. The new country is effectively divided into a Serbian ethnic majority north and a Kosovar-Albanian south. Even as Serbia's government in Belgrade seeks to align itself more closely with the European Union and NATO, it will not compromise on Kosovo.

There is also continued shakiness in Bosnia-Herzigovina and the future of the nation as a multi-ethnic state remains in doubt, Blair said, noting that inter-ethnic tensions may have increased in that country to "perhaps the highest level in years."

SemperComm Foundation Cancels 2009 GalaNominations still sought for SemperComm Award

SPRINGFIELD, Va., February 16, 2009 – The SemperComm Foundation canceled their annual gala scheduled for May 7, 2009 today, citing anticipated shortfalls in event sponsorship. The foundation also announced that the 2009 SemperComm Awards will still be awarded and military nominations are still being accepted.

The foundation’s decision to cancel the Gala is based on the current economic outlook as well as the forecast for low sponsorships. The SemperComm Gala is an annual event that began in 2004 as the primary fundraising event to support their mission of helping to provide remote, overseas U.S. military bases with much needed communications and entertainment equipment to boost morale of the service members stationed at those locations around the world.

“In lieu of holding a large Gala this year to raise support and funds, Sempercomm will focus its efforts in 2009 on smaller outreach and fundraising initiatives,” said Lara Coffee, SemperComm Foundation executive director. “While the SemperComm Gala has always been a tremendous success and a capstone event to honor all our contributors and the working military, the current environment calls for a change. Our values and dedication to our mission is unwavering and we will persevere.”

One of the highlights of the SemperComm Gala is the ceremony to honor selected servicemen and women for the SemperComm Award. The award is given annually for military members’ personal efforts to boost the morale of fellow service members during deployments to remote overseas locations. “The SemperComm Award is our way of recognizing service members each year who go out of their way to improve morale for those who serve with them,” said Coffee. “Although, the Gala is canceled this year, our award program will continue uninterrupted to honor and recognize worthy nominees.”

The deadline for entries is Friday, March 6, 2009. Awards will be shipped directly to the winners or they may choose to receive their award in person at a still to be announced 2009-2010 SemperComm event.

Nomination forms are available to be downloaded at www.sempercomm.org. For more information about the SemperComm Award, please contact Joanne Williams at 703-923-7615 or by email at jwilliams@sempercomm.org

Sunday, February 15, 2009

Intelligence Community Sees Asia Rising

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 15, 2009 - (This is the second in a three-part series on the intelligence community's annual threat assessment.) U.S. intelligence planners predict the 21st century will be the time for the rise of Asia, the director of national intelligence said Feb. 12. Dennis C. Blair told the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence that "China and India are restoring positions they held in the 18th century when China produced approximately 30 percent and India 15 percent of the world's wealth."

While the current global economic crisis will slow growth in China and India, the two countries are likely to become the world's third and fourth largest economies by 2025. China's emergence as a world power is affecting the regional balance of power in Asia, Blair said in a prepared statement.

While the communist rulers of China have been successful in transforming the direction of the country, the government's international behavior is driven by the need to maintain power. Leaders see their main missions as continuing prosperity and maintaining domestic stability, he said.

"Chinese leaders view preserving domestic stability as one of their most important internal security challenges," Blair said.

Roughly 300 million Chinese have benefited from the current economic success, leaving 1 billion still in poverty.

Tibet and Taiwan remain problems internationally for the Chinese, but the election of a new government in Taiwan has tamped down tensions between the United States and the People's Republic, Blair said.

From a military standpoint, China continues its modernization programs and operationally Chinese forces are prepared to move beyond the region, the admiral said. For example, a Chinese ship is cooperating with anti-pirate patrols in the Gulf of Aden, and Chinese troops may soon take part in United Nations peacekeeping operations.

On the equipment side, China continues to develop new, increasingly accurate missile capabilities that can reach U.S. forces throughout the region.

China is developing a robust anti-satellite capability, and Blair said this is among the nation's highest military priorities. The Chinese also are modernizing their nuclear weapons capabilities.

Blair also spoke of India, which is harnessing the power of free markets after decades of trying to manage the economy.

"Like China, India's expanding economy will lead New Delhi to pursue new trade partners, gain access to vital energy markets, and generate the other resources required to sustain rapid economic growth," he said.

From a foreign policy and intelligence standpoint, relations with Pakistan dominate. The terror attack on Mumbai in November chilled relations between the two powers. Pakistan has vowed to crack down on extremists who used Pakistan to plan and train for the attack that crippled India's major financial center and killed more than 130 people.

In Asia, North Korea is the odd-man out. In a region that reaped the benefits of economic growth, North Koreans are starving, and the government is pouring money into the military.

Blair said the U.S. intelligence community believes North Korea is operating a covert uranium enrichment program. While the country has nuclear weapons, Blair said he did not think North Korea would use them unless faced with a military defeat or loss of control.

North Korea continues to participate in the Six Party Talks -- with South Korea, Japan, Russia, China and the United States -- but progress is slow, Blair said. North Korea continues to proliferate nuclear weapons and missile technology, most notably to Iran and Syria.

"We remain concerned North Korea could again export nuclear technology," he said.

Saturday, February 14, 2009

Economic Crisis Overlays all Threats Facing U.S., Intel Chief Says

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 14, 2009 - The global economic crisis colors all other threats confronting the United States, the new director of national intelligence told the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on Feb. 12. Dennis C. Blair said the crisis raises the level of uncertainty in the world and places new areas of the globe in danger. Analysts are trying to understand the geopolitical implications of the crisis.

"The crisis has been ongoing for about a year, and economists are divided over whether and when we could hit bottom," Blair said in prepared testimony. "Time is probably our greatest threat. The longer it takes for recovery to begin, the greater the likelihood of serious damage to U.S. strategic interests."

The longer the crisis continues, the more likely the risk of instability in many areas of the world including Latin America, Central Asia and Africa.

"Economic crises increase the risk of regime-threatening instability if they are prolonged for a one- to two-year period, and instability can loosen the fragile hold that many developing countries have on law and order, which can spill out in dangerous ways into the international community," he said.

The overlay of the crisis makes known threats -- such as al-Qaida -- even more dangerous, he said. Extremist Muslim groups retain the greatest capability to threaten the United States and its interests.

Still, there has been progress countering al-Qaida, in particular. Blair said the indiscriminate attacks on fellow Muslims in Iraq and North Africa have caused many moderate Muslims to condemn the group.

Al-Qaida remains a threat in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The group portrays itself as aiding Taliban insurgents who are fighting Western imperialism, Blair said.

In Pakistan's tribal areas, the terror group lost many of its leaders in 2008, he said. While this has weakened the group in the area, the group in Pakistan remains the most dangerous and continues to plot against the United States and U.S. interests from havens in the region.

In Iraq, al-Qaida has been severely weakened, but still retains the ability to launch occasional attacks, he said.

The terror group is re-emerging in Yemen. A terror cell launched an attack on the U.S. embassy in Sanaa in September and has launched 19 attacks on Western targets in the country in 2008.

Blair forecasts more al-Qaida activity in East Africa, specifically in Kenya and Somalia.

Al-Qaida cells may grow in the United States, Blair said. "We remain concerned about the potential for homegrown extremists inspired by the al-Qaida militant ideology to plan attacks in the United States, Europe and elsewhere without operational direction from the group itself," he said. U.S. agencies will focus on identifying ties between U.S.-based individuals and extremist networks overseas.

There are terror groups beyond al-Qaida. Hezbollah in Lebanon remains a dangerous terrorist foe, Blair said. The group could attack U.S. targets if it perceives the United States is threatening its survival, leadership or infrastructure. Due to the terror group's sponsorship by Iran, should Hezbollah's leaders think the United States is a threat to its benefactor, the terror group may launch attacks on U.S. interests in the Middle East.

Iran is at the heart of what Blair calls an "arc of instability" running from the Middle East to South Asia. Blair said Iran's goal to be a regional power drives its efforts in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, North Africa, the Persian Gulf and beyond. It also is at the heart of the Iranian drive to develop nuclear weapons, he said.

Friday, February 13, 2009

Air Forces Africa Works to Boost Nigerian Air Safety

By Air Force Maj. Paula Kurtz
Special to American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - While taking to the skies has some inherent risk, advances in technology, stringent maintenance requirements and rigorous training procedures for aircrews have contributed to a safe aerial environment in most parts of the world. But some parts of the world lack basic infrastructure and technology such as radar or air traffic control. Formal maintenance programs for aircraft do not exist, and communication between pilots and ground personnel is sporadic or nonexistent.

These are just a few of the air domain challenges faced by many of the 54 nations that make up the African continent. Since it stood up as the air component for U.S. Africa Command on Oct. 1, members of U.S. Air Forces Africa have been building a program aimed at bolstering air safety and security on the continent.

Air Force Lt. Col. David MacKenzie, deputy director of the plans directorate, traveled to Nigeria in January to work with Nigerian and U.S. aviation experts on charting the future of Nigeria's air domain program and to give a presentation on the U.S. search and rescue program and its capabilities.

"This was really a comprehensive and synchronized effort ... to enhance partner capacity in building Nigeria's air domain," MacKenzie said.

During the first portion of his visit, MacKenzie brought his expertise as a C-130 pilot and instructor to an assessment of the Nigerian air force's C-130 fleet and its logistics program. With only one of Nigeria's eight C-130s currently airworthy, the team evaluated the others for possible reconstitution, placing heavy emphasis on the maintenance required to keep them safely in the air.

"It's not just about fixing the aircraft," MacKenzie said. "There is a big sustainment piece in the supply, logistics and training areas as well. Spare parts should be available, and a supply system for technical orders and back-shop equipment, plus training for your maintenance, communications and supply people is required."

Ultimately, the goal of rebuilding the C-130 fleet is to facilitate Nigeria's commitment to contribute more support to peacekeeping operations on the continent through airlift of indigenous or neighboring troops and equipment, officials said. On the ground, Nigeria is building a force of seven peacekeeping battalions to support African Union and United Nations peacekeeping operations in Liberia, Sudan and Somalia.

"Right now, they have very limited ways to get people to the fight or sustain them when they are there," MacKenzie said.

His findings during this assessment will help to shape future theater security cooperation plans with Nigeria as issues are addressed through military-to-military capacity-building events led by the California National Guard in the State Partnership Program, joint exercises, conferences and senior-leader engagements.

While the Nigerian air force is focused on refurbishing its C-130 fleet, its civil aviation leaders are taking a hard look at equally important search and rescue procedures.

"Search and rescue really takes a coordinated approach," MacKenzie said Jan. 20 in Abuja, the country's capital. "They discussed the need to exercise their programs ... through tabletop and field exercises ... so they'll be better prepared when something happens. That's not the time you want to be testing your communications and procedures."

MacKenzie used the recent U.S. Airways emergency landing in New York's Hudson River as an example of well-practiced rescue procedures.

"We talked about the quick response of the rescue folks on the ground as part of that success story," MacKenzie said. "Those who had boats in the water -- Park Service, ferry operators, New York City police -- wasted no time in getting to the wreckage to render aid to the survivors. That was critical in minimizing injuries and saving lives."

Though acknowledging the Nigerian air domain has "significant gaps" in its safety and security procedures, MacKenzie was quick to compliment officials on their bird and safety hazards program, describing the country's main port city, Lagos, as a "sprawling city with lots of birds" that pose hazards to aircraft.

A three-tiered air domain safety and security program is designed to capitalize on "natural air linkages," where U.S. Air Force programs and capabilities can contribute to increasing capacity within the military and civil aviation programs on the continent.

Speaking at the African Aviation Leadership Conference in August, a Federal Aviation Administration official noted that in the 10-year period between 1994 and 2004, African nations accounted for only 4.5 percent of the world's total air traffic, but had a startling 25 percent of aviation accidents.

"We hope the Nigerians establish a safe and efficient air domain model in Nigeria, and hope it takes root and spreads," MacKenzie said. "It will if the leaders there have the political will to share and teach others in the region."

(Air Force Maj. Paula Kurtz serves with the 17th Air Force public affairs office.)

U.S. Must Prepare for 'Hybrid' Warfare, General Says

By John J. Kruzel
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - The U.S. military boasts dominant nuclear and conventional capabilities, but must improve its capacity to fight irregular wars, NATO's supreme allied commander for transformation said yesterday. Marine Corps Gen. James N. Mattis, who also serves as the commander of U.S. Joint Forces Command, said the United States has lost some of its nuclear and conventional war edge in recent years, but remains superior on these fronts.

"We are not superior in irregular warfare," he said in a speech at the Foreign Policy Research Institute here. "And that's what we've got to be."

Mattis discussed the need for the U.S. military to transform to a "hybrid" force that expands its nonconventional means without sacrificing classic warfighting competence.

Broadly defined, irregular warfare refers to conflict with an enemy that does not organize itself as a traditional military. As in the cases of Iraq and Afghanistan, this type of fighting entails stealthy attacks such as roadside bombings and ambushes, instead of direct military-to-military engagement.

In calculating how to establish greater balance among the two types of warfare, the general said, he noticed a common thread among past armies that morphed to meet a new set of challenges.

"Every military that transformed, that changed, that modernized, did so on the basis of one thing," he said. "They identified a problem and solved it."

These historical precedents are relevant today because the fundamental nature of war is unchanging, he added.

"If I was to sum up everything I've learned in 35 years of wearing this uniform, I'd do it with three words: improvise, improvise, improvise. And the more we anticipate, the more we try to get it right ahead of time, the less we have to improvise in combat," he said.

To help quantify problems the military may face over the next quarter century, officials developed the idea of the Joint Operating Environment. This conceptual battlefield takes into account potential threats born out of competition for resources, economics, increased urbanization and the possibility of nonstate actors obtaining more deadly weapons.

Joint Forces Command released its findings in December in a report called Joint Operating Environment 2008. A follow-on document, known as the Capstone Concept, created with approval from Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, will guide how U.S. joint forces are implemented.

"Today's challenges and threats are not strictly military in nature, solved or countered by military means alone," Mullen said last month. "We owe future generations a longer-term view of security. The concept is designed to help military and other national security leaders think about challenges and opportunities."

Mattis said one certainty is that the United States will fight 21st century war among "hybrid conditions" and emphasized the need to maintain focus on the mixed-type of warfare and to make irregular war a core competency.

"If we don't set up some kind of magnet to pull the [Defense] Department out of its good old 'mano-a-mano' conventional war focus, then we won't shift the budgeting, we won't shift the focus over where it has to go," he said. "Really, we're going to have to be able to fight hybrid enemies."

Card Decks Raise Awareness of Egyptian Antiquities

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - Legend has it that when the French invaded Egypt in 1798, artillerymen used the Sphinx for target practice and shot the nose off of it. Laurie Rush wants to make sure American troops traveling to Egypt for the upcoming Bright Star military exercise don't make the same impression.

Rush, the cultural resources program manager at Fort Drum, N.Y., has put together a deck of cards for servicemembers that urges them to respect Egyptian heritage. She was the brains behind a similar deck distributed to servicemembers deploying to Iraq.
The cards are part of the Defense Department's Legacy Resource Management Program, which is aimed at preserving natural and cultural resources. Archeologists from around the world are working together to preserve mankind's common heritage.

The effort will include distributing 10,000 decks of cards to Americans and, perhaps, international servicemembers who will deploy to the "Land of the Pharaohs," Rush said in an interview. "The cards have English and Arabic, so it's a good way to spread the word," Rush said.

The Bright Star exercise will begin in September, but servicemembers will start arriving for planning sessions months earlier. Personnel deploying to Bright Star will receive instruction in safeguarding artifacts and archeologically sensitive sites. The cards will serve as a reminder of those lessons.

Each card has a photograph of the gold funerary mask of Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, on one side. On the other, each card has a different photo and factoid on Egyptian history or generic tips to preserve archeological treasures. For example, the five of hearts has a picture of the temple of Abu Simbel and the words "Protecting archeological sites helps preserve them for future generations."

The nine of spades has a shot of a CH-47 Chinook helicopter and the caption, "Helicopter rotor wash can damage archeological sites. Locate your [landing zones] a safe distance away from known sites."

"In Egypt, we need our people to really pay attention to their surroundings," Rush said. "If they are in areas where the ground is more than just sand, they need to be as careful as they can be."

Egypt is one of the world's oldest civilizations. People have lived along the Nile River for at least 8,000 years, and great cities rose and fell along the banks of the river. It's not uncommon for visitors there to stumble upon an artifact.

Being mindful of artifacts is more than just being careful in the field, Rush said. Egyptian grave robbers and artifact scavengers sell antiquities.

"Aside from the fact that many of these artifacts are fakes, the Egyptian government and the U.S. military has severe penalties for anyone caught buying or selling these goods," Rush said.

These artifacts often are all that remain of ancient civilizations, Rush said. Professional archeologists who find artifacts in place can fill in gaps in human history.

Rush worked with experts at the Colorado State University. James A. Zeidler and Tracy Wagner were responsible for the final design and production of the decks.

Suicide Prevention Hotline Saves Veterans' Lives

By Army Staff Sgt. Michael J. Carden
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - Help is only a phone call away for military veterans considering suicide.
Nearly 100,000 veterans, family members or friends of veterans have reached out for help by calling the Department of Veterans Affairs suicide prevention hotline at 1-800-273-TALK. The hotline was launched July 2007.

The VA initiative is part of a collaborative effort with the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, a nationwide network of 133 crisis centers. Calls automatically are routed to the nearest center based on the caller's area code.

The hotline operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and is staffed by trained mental health professionals prepared to deal with immediate crisis. Although the lifeline isn't restricted to military veterans only, callers are prompted to "please press 1 now" if they are a U.S. military veteran or are calling about a veteran. Callers who press 1 are transferred to the nearest VA call center.

More than 2,600 veterans have been "rescued" through the hotline, according to a recent VA statement.

"I urge veterans and their loved ones to take advantage of our suicide-prevention program," VA Secretary Eric K. Shinseki said in the statement. "Help for these heroes is a phone call away."

An estimated 5,000 veterans commit suicide annually, with Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans 35 percent more likely to commit suicide than the general population. VA statistics show that between 2002 and 2006, more than 250 veterans who left the military after Sept. 11, 2001, committed suicide.

The trend has grown within the active-duty military rank,s too. A steady increase in suicides among veterans and active-duty members has been persistent in recent years. The Army recently announced 2008 as its highest suicide year since 1980, with at least 128 soldiers confirmed to have taken their own lives, while 15 other cases are pending investigations.

VA, the Defense Department and local communities are making it a point to understand suicide and determine better prevention methods. Defense leaders, including Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, have voiced concerns for short- and long-term solutions.

"We have got to be able to support those individuals in ways that, in some cases, we haven't quite figured out yet," Mullen said during a lecture at Grove City College, Pa., earlier this month.

Mullen routinely advocates for solutions to increase the amount of rest and time at home troops have in between deployments. Officials recognize the high tempo of deployment rotations as being a likely factor for the increased suicide rates.

VA and active-duty military officials are working with outside research organizations to improve their programs and lower the numbers. The Army and National Institute of Mental Health recently launched a five-year research initiative to gain a better understanding in the hope of preventing suicides in the military and nation.

To identify and treat at-risk patients, prevention efforts and initiatives are in place in each of VA's 153 medical centers and more than 750 outpatient clinics across the nation. Also, suicide prevention coordinators are on hand at each facility.

Troubled veterans, whether they call the suicide prevention hotline or walk in, receive follow-up care almost immediately. Preliminary evaluations occur within 24 hours of requests, and referrals are given for mental health appointments. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted within 14 days, with emergency cases handled immediately.

Center Tracks Icebergs to Ensure Safety at Sea

By John Ohab
Special to American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - A multiagency center operated by the Navy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Coast Guard provides continuous tracking and monitoring of ice movements to support national interests throughout the world. Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Gary Premo, a senior ice analyst at the National Ice Center, was interviewed on "Armed with Science: Research and Applications for the Modern Military" on BlogTalkRadio.com on Feb. 11 about the NIC's role in analyzing ice movements for safety of navigation and operations and in monitoring the changing Arctic climate.

"We record the ice change on a global scale. We also provide tactical support to the Navy and government agencies," Premo said.

Premo is an aerographer's mate, jokingly known as "weather guessers" in the Navy. They draw on extensive training in meteorology and oceanography to assess weather situations and provide commanders with tactical support. They can specialize in a variety of fields, including ice monitoring, aviation weather, hydrography, and anti-submarine and mine warfare.

Premo explained the breadth of factors that must be considered when monitoring ice, including variation in climate, currents and topography.

"To know a certain area, you have to know its climatological features dealing with weather, its wind regimes, and you have to know how to read the weather charts," Premo said.

Ice analysts rely on a wide array of satellite imaging and geospatial information technologies housed at the NOAA's Satellite Operations Facility. These tools include high-resolution synthetic aperture radar, infrared imagery, and passive microwave sensors for positional analysis of ice structures.

NIC also developed and maintains a system for naming Antarctic ice structures that have broken free from land. Icebergs that are at least 10 nautical miles at their longest axis are named and tracked through the open water until they melt below this threshold.

"We're actually the agency that does it globalwide. If you see a named iceberg in the news, that's actually us doing it," Premo said.

In addition to tracking ice movements, NIC provides tactical analyses and daily forecasts of ice conditions in the Arctic, Antarctica and the Great Lakes. The Fractures/Leads and Polynyas product is used by the U.S. Navy to identify ice fractures and aid in submarine surfacing. NIC makes daily sea ice edge measurements and ice consolidation data available to the public.

"The edge line is probably one of our most used products downloaded off our Web [site] and used by our customers," Premo said.

Premo described some of the climate changes observed in the Arctic over the past decade, including a decrease in "multiyear ice", the ice that historically survives the yearly summer melt.

"More and more of that multiyear ice has been diminishing," Premo said. "When you actually go into a melt season, that multiyear [ice] becomes smaller and smaller, which is making the Arctic more open water -- "sea ice free" as we call it -- and that's been happening over the last decade."

(John Ohab holds a doctorate in neuroscience and works for the New Media directorate of the Defense Media Activity.)

Reserve Component Units Recognized for Superb Family Support

By Gerry J. Gilmore
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - Seven National Guard and reserve units received recognition for their support of families of deployed troops at a Pentagon ceremony today. Thomas F. Hall, assistant secretary of defense for reserve affairs, hosted the annual Department of Defense Reserve Family Readiness Awards presentation, which highlighted the best National Guard and reserve unit family readiness support programs in 2008.

The awardees constitute "a mirror image of all of those units throughout our country" that labor to assist the families of deployed National Guard members and reservists, Hall said.

Each recognized unit received an engraved wood Defense Department plaque and a certificate signed by Hall. Award recipients also received a certificate and $1,000 from the Military Officers Association of America.

The military's aircraft, ships, tanks and other equipment have little value without the servicemembers who operate and maintain them, Hall pointed out.

"People are the key, and always have been the key, and that's what this ceremony today is about," Hall said. That's why, he added, it's important to support the families of deployed soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines and Coast Guard members who perform vital wartime missions.

Having deployed to Iraq in 2003, Army Reserve Staff Sgt. Keough Cofield knows what it's like to serve in a war zone. Today, Cofield is a family program liaison with the 3rd Brigade, 98th Division, 108th Training Command, based at Lexington, Ky. The 108th was among the awardees at today's Pentagon ceremony.

"It's definitely an honor to win this [award]," Cofield said, noting that his unit established an informational Web site for families of deployed servicemembers.

"Families can go online and click on a link and find all of the resources that are available to them," Cofield said, such as the USO and the Red Cross.

When he was in Iraq, Cofield recalled being comforted by the thought that there were family support personnel ready to assist his family.

"Knowing that there were individuals back home taking care of my family put my mind at ease and let me focus on the mission at hand," he said.

Cofield's family support assistant, Chevonne Baxter, echoed his comments. "Helping families is very important, because they are the soldier's support system," she said. "If family isn't taken care of, the soldier will worry.

"We're going to make sure that the families are taken care of in support of that soldier," she said.

The 108th's family support program operates a monthly family newsletter, Baxter said, and families of deployed servicemembers are frequently contacted via e-mail "to see if everything is running smoothly."

Other units recognized at the ceremony include:

--Army National Guard: 263d Army Air and Missile Defense Command, Anderson, S.C.;

-- Navy Reserve: Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 24, Huntsville, Ala.;

--Marine Corps Reserve: 6th Engineer Support Battalion, Portland, Ore.;

-- Air National Guard: 153d Airlift Wing, Cheyenne, Wyo.;

--Air Force Reserve: 439th Airlift Wing, Springfield, Mass.;

--Coast Guard Reserve: Port Security Unit 309, Port Clinton, Ohio.

The department's Reserve Family Readiness Awards program was established in 2000. Robust family support programs are important and vital to mission success, officials said, as significant numbers of servicemembers have deployed overseas in support of the global war on terrorism.

Senior Leaders Examine 2010 Defense Budget Choices

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - Senior defense leaders are taking a serious and critical look at the president's fiscal 2010 defense budget request, Pentagon Press Secretary Geoff Morrell said here today. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates, the combatant commanders, and other civilian and military leaders from the Defense Department are discussing department-related issues, including the budget, during the Defense Senior Leadership Conference, Morrell said at a news conference.

Morrell said the secretary is reshaping the request to reflect current and future realities.

"He wants to make sure the budget balances the demands of the wars we are currently fighting and the future threats we may face," he said. "Of course, he is acutely aware that we are crafting this budget in the midst of a global financial crisis, so it must not only be militarily responsible, but also fiscally realistic."

Gates said in testimony before Congress last month that the department is ready to make the tough choices in the defense budget. The senior leader conference is looking at the budget with this in mind.

"First, we must make tough choices about programs suffering from serious execution problems," Morrell said. "Second, we have to find new ways of doing business more efficiently and cost-effectively. And third, the services must strive to be as joint in their acquisitions as they are in their operations."

The secretary has said he wants the combatant commanders to explore new ideas. "We need to look for cost efficiencies, and we need to be more joint in how we acquire [capabilities]," Morrell said.

The secretary often has mentioned that military services must depend on other services for capabilities. If one service is building a capability, another service does not have to duplicate it.

"The services clearly have been extraordinarily joint in their operations since Operation Enduring Freedom began in late 2001," Morrell said. "They have been increasingly joint in other aspects as well.

"[The secretary] really does believe that we need to put service interests aside as much as we can when it comes to budgeting and acquisitions and so forth, and work more jointly and not see ourselves as separate stovepipe budgets, but one larger defense budget that looks out for our collective capabilities and risks."

Morrell also discussed the Defense Department portion of the economic stimulus package. The White House asked for -- and the department delivered -- a list of military construction projects that could be part of the stimulus bill now being voted on by Congress. "The [Defense Department] portion of the stimulus package ... totals a little more than $7 billion," Morrell said.

If President Barack Obama signs the legislation, the Defense Department will receive the money for near-term construction projects "that could make a difference in the lives of our servicemembers and their families," Morrell said, such as barracks, medical clinics and child care centers.

"For us, anything helps," Morrell said. "It does help us address the needs of our servicemembers and their families, and for that we are thankful. ... And we look forward to executing that money as soon as we get it, because we think it can make a difference not only in their lives, but in the near-term economic state of the country, as well. We can put people to work and do these military construction projects in the next six to 18 months, and hopefully have an impact."

Decision Pending on Status of Suspected Somali Pirates

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - The 16 suspected pirates captured by American ships yesterday and Feb. 11 have been transferred to the USNS Lewis and Clark, defense officials said today. The suspects -- all believed to be Somali -- are being treated properly and humanely, Defense Press Secretary Geoff Morrell said during a Pentagon news conference.

The suspects will "remain aboard that ship until information and evidence is assembled and evaluated and a decision is ultimately made regarding their future transfer," Morrell said.

Servicemembers in Task Force 151 -- the anti-piracy group operating in the Gulf of Aden -- will compile the evidence in each case and determine if there is ample evidence to recommend prosecution.

"If there isn't, we will likely repatriate these individuals -- of course, minus the weapons that they were apprehended with," Morrell said.

The United States has a memorandum of understanding with Kenya on the piracy issue. Under the agreement, any pirates captured would be brought to justice in Kenya. Prosecuting these men will show there is a price to criminal behavior on the high seas, Defense Department officials said.

"The commander of the task force is ultimately responsible for determining whether or not these individuals will be taken to Kenya for adjudication or whether they -- some of them or all of them -- can be released," Morrell said.

The U.S. decision is being made even as a Russian cruiser seized 10 suspected pirates in the Gulf of Aden. The Russian cruiser is part of a multinational effort to stop piracy in the region. The ships operate under a United Nations Security Council resolution.

"Overall, this speaks to the fact that the task force is aggressively patrolling this body of water as, frankly, are many other nations that are not a part of this task force, all in response to an international cry to do more to protect cargo and other material and individuals being shipped through there," Morrell said.

Guard, Reserve Members Score Support from USA Basketball

By Jessica Gonzalez
Special to American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - On the eve of the highly anticipated National Basketball Association's All-Star weekend, the managing director of the Men's USA Basketball National Team signed an Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve statement of support here yesterday. Jerry Colangelo was joined by political, business and military officials from throughout Arizona.

ESGR is a Defense Department organization that works to promote cooperation and understanding between Guard and Reserve members and their civilian employers, and to assist in the resolution of conflicts arising from an employee's military commitment.

The occasion represented USA Basketball's continued recognition of the nearly 700,000 citizen-soldiers and -airmen that have gone to war for the United States since Sept. 11, 2001.

ESGR State Chairman Scott Essex thanked USA Basketball and other supporting businesses on behalf of nearly 13,000 Arizona National Guard and Reserve members. He also recognized the dozens of volunteers that help ESGR achieve its employer-outreach goals.

Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon extended the city's support for Arizona's servicemembers and veterans by offering the city and its resources in recognition and respect for their sacrifices, at one point noting that there is nothing more important to the city of Phoenix than assisting servicemembers in need.

Phoenix was the first major city in Arizona to support employees activated into service by providing differential pay to prevent financial hardship while deployed, officials said.

Reflecting on his world travels, Colangelo noted the pride he felt as an American overseas. He said he encountered servicemembers from foreign nations who spoke of the respect they had for America and how much its military aided in the protection of the world.

Colangelo also pointed out how much it meant to him and USA Basketball to be a part of ESGR. Supporting the Guard and Reserve, a seemingly basic responsibility of employers, took on a new meaning with USA Basketball's statement of support.

Colangelo said he hopes his organization's participation in this program will help other companies see the need to reform or establish their own polices.

(Jessica Gonzalez serves in the Arizona National Guard.)

MILITARY CONTRACTS February 13, 2009

DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY

United Technologies, East Hartford, Conn., is being awarded a minimum $120,526,032 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity, sole source contract for engines. There are no other locations of performance. Using services are Navy and Air Force. There was originally one proposal solicited with one response. Contract funds will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This modification is exercising the fifth option period of a ten-year contract with a three-year base period and provisions for seven one-year option periods. The date of performance completion is Feb. 14, 2010. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Richmond, Richmond, Va., (SPM400-01-D-9405).

Pepco Energy Services, Inc., Arlington, Va., is being awarded a maximum $7,623,859 firm fixed price contract for electrical services. Other locations of performance are Md., and New Jersey. Using services are Army, Air Force, and federal civilian agencies. There were originally 81 proposals solicited with 16 responses. Contract funds will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The date of performance completion is Jun. 30, 2009. The contracting activity is the Defense Energy Support Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., (SP0600-05-G-8029 D.O. 0011).

Owens & Minor, Mechanicsville, Va., is being awarded a maximum $396,081,495 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Pa., Mich., Tenn., Va., Ill., N.J., Ky., Ind., N.C., Md., and Wis. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Federal Civilian Agencies, Coast Guard, and other Non-DoD Agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with two responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7000).

Cardinal Health 200 Inc., McGaw Park, Ill., is being awarded a maximum $396,081,495 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Md., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Tenn., Ill., Mo., Mass., N.J., Minn., Ind., Ky., and Mich. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with two responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7001).

Owens & Minor, Mechanicsville, Va., is being awarded a maximum $206,681,129 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Ga., Ala., Mass., N.C., Va., Miss., Tenn., Okla., Texas, Fla., Md., La., and New Jersey. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with two responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7002).

Cardinal Health 200 Inc., McGaw Park, Ill., is being awarded a maximum $206,681,129 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Fla., Texas, N.C., La., Tenn., and Ga. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian cgencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with two responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7003).

Owens & Minor, Mechanicsville, Va. is being awarded a maximum $201,422,492 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Colorado, Missouri, California, Oklahoma, Arizona, Utah, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Oregon and Washington. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with 2 responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is October 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia (DSCP), Philadelphia, Pa. (SPM200-05-D-7004).

Cardinal Health 200 Inc., McGaw Park, Ill. is being awarded a maximum $201,422,492 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Minnesota, Nebraska, Arizona, Missouri, California, Washington, Colorado, Kansas, Utah and Arkansas. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with 2 responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is October 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia (DSCP), Philadelphia, Pa. (SPM200-05-D-7005).

Owens & Minor, Mechanicsville, Va., is being awarded a maximum $100,000,000 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Penn., Mich., Tenn., Va., Ill., N.J., Ky., Ind., N.C., Md., and Wis. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with four responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7006).

Midwest Medical Supply Co., Earth City, Mo.*, is being awarded a maximum $100,000,000 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, back-up prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Conn., Ill., Mo., and Ind. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with four responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7007).

Owens & Minor, Mechanicsville, Va., is being awarded a maximum $100,000,000 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, back-up prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Ga., Ala., Mass., N.C., Va., Miss., Tenn., Okla., Texas, Fla., Md., La., and N.J. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with four responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7008).

American Medical Depot, Opa Locka, Fla.*, is being awarded a maximum $100,000,000 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, back-up prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other location of performance is Fla. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with four responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7009).

Owens & Minor, Mechanicsville, Va., is being awarded a maximum $100,000,000 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, back-up prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Colo., Miss., Calif., Okla., Ariz., Utah, Ill., Iowa, Minn., Neb., Ore., and Washington. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with four responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7010).

Cardinal Health 200 Inc., McGaw Park, Ill., is being awarded a maximum $100,000,000 firm fixed price, indefinite quantity and indefinite delivery, back-up prime vendor contract for medical and surgical supplies. Other locations of performance are Minn., Neb. Ariz., Miss., Calif., Washington, Colo., Kan., Utah and Ark. Using services are Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, federal civilian agencies, Coast Guard, and other non-DoD agencies. The original proposal was FedBizOps solicited with four responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract is exercising the second option period. The date of performance completion is Oct. 19, 2011. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., (SPM200-05-D-7011).

UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATION COMMAND

Horizon Lines, LLC, of Charlotte, N.C. 28211-3487, is being awarded a $100,000,000.00 fixed price, indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract for sea and intermodal freight service between U.S. West Coast Ports to/from Hawaii, U.S. West Coast Ports to/from Guam, and Alaska Ports to/from Guam. Work is expected to start Mar. 16, 2009 and the contract is expected to be completed Nov. 2009. Orders placed against this contract will be funded at the time of award. This contract was a competitive acquisition with four bids received. The contracting activity is United States Transportation Command, Directorate of Acquisition, Scott Air Force Base, Ill., 62225, (HTC711-09-D-0010).

American Roll-On Roll-Off Carriers of Park Ridge, NJ 07656, is being awarded a $40,000,000.00 fixed price, indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract for sea and intermodal freight service between U.S. West Coast Ports to/from Guam. Work is expected to start Mar. 16, 2009, and the contract is expected to be completed Nov. 2009. Orders placed against this contract will be funded at the time of award. This contract was a competitive acquisition with four bids received. The contracting activity is United States Transportation Command, Directorate of Acquisition, Scott Air Force Base, Ill., 62225, (HTC711-09-D-0009).

Matson Navigation Co., Inc., of Oakland, Calif., 94607, is being awarded a $100,000,000.00 fixed price, indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract for sea and intermodal freight service between U.S. West Coast Ports to/from Hawaii, and U.S. West Coast Ports to/from Guam. Work is expected to start March 16, 2009, and the contract is expected to be completed Nov. 2009. Orders placed against this contract will be funded at the time of award. This contract was a competitive acquisition with four bids received. The contracting activity is United States Transportation Command, Directorate of Acquisition, Scott Air Force Base, Ill., 62225, (HTC711-09-D-0008).

Pasha Hawaii Transport Lines, LLC, of Corte Madera, Calif., 94925, is being awarded a $60,000,000.00 fixed price, indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract for sea and intermodal freight service between U.S. West Coast Ports to/from Hawaii. Work is expected to start March 16, 2009, and the contract is expected to be completed Nov. 2009. Orders placed against this contract will be funded at the time of award. This contract was a competitive acquisition with four bids received. The contracting activity is United States Transportation Command, Directorate of Acquisition, Scott Air Force Base, Ill., 62225, (HTC711-09-D-0007).

NAVY

Horus Vision, LLC*, San Bruno, Calif., is being awarded a not-to-exceed ceiling $49,000,000 firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for the procurement, delivery, maintenance, and logistical support of the Scout Sniper Observation Telescope (SSOT). The SSOT is a lightweight variable power telescope tripod mounted devise that will replace the out-dated M49 Sniper 20x power fixed telescope throughout the United States Marine Corps. This contract is a five year IDIQ contract with a not-to-exceed value of $49,000,000, with a minimum buy of 100 SSOT systems within the first year. Work will be performed in San Bruno, Calif., and is expected to be completed by five years from date of contract award. The information contained in this announcement is unclassified. Contract funds in the amount of$7,810,335 will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured, with proposals solicited via the Navy Electronic Commerce Online, with five offers received. The Marine Corps Systems Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity for contract number (M67854-09-D-1016).

TLD America Corp., Windsor, Conn., is being awarded a $39,540,902 fixed price, indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract for the procurement of Large Landbased Tow Tractors (LLTTs) which are used to safely move aircraft weighing up to 350,000 lbs. This contract provides for a minimum quantity of five pilot production units and up to 200 production LLTTs. In addition this contract provides for associated technical and logistics data and training in support of the LLTT. Work will be performed in Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, and is expected to be completed in Feb. 2014. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured by electronic request for proposals and five offers were received. The Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Lakehurst, N.J., is the contracting activity (N68335-09-D-0093).

McDonnell Douglas Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of The Boeing Co., St. Louis, Mo., is being awarded a $10,416,712 cost plus fixed fee, indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract to provide program management, logistics, and engineering services and incidental materials and technical data in support of F/A-18 aircraft of the Governments of Switzerland, Finland, Canada, Kuwait, Australia, Malaysia, and Spain F/A-18 aircraft program. Work will be performed in St. Louis, Mo., and is expected to be completed in Dec. 2009. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured pursuant to FAR 6.302-1. This contract combines purchases for the Governments of Switzerland ($3,182,560; 30.55 percent); Finland ($2,220,600; 21.32 percent); Canada ($1,621,000; 15.56 percent), Kuwait ($1,297,000; 12.45 percent); Australia ($927,200; 8.90 percent); Malaysia ($806,352; 7.74 percent); and Spain ($362,000; 3.48 percent) under the Foreign Military Sales Program. The Naval Air Systems command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity (N00019-09-D-0010).

General Electric Co., Aircraft Engines Business Group, Lynn, Mass., is being awarded a $6,387,870 modification to a previously awarded firm fixed price contract (N00019-06-C-0088) to provide technical, engineering and component life cycle management in support of the Fiscal Year 2009 F414-GE-400 Engine Component Improvement Program. The F414-GE-400 engine powers the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet aircraft. Work will be performed in Lynn, Mass., (90 percent); Johnson City, N.Y., (4 percent); East Aurora, N.Y., (4 percent); and Evendale, Ohio, (2 percent), and is expected to be completed in Dec. 2009. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., is the contracting activity.

ARMY

Alliant Lake City Small Caliber Ammunition Company Co., LLC, Independence, Mo., was awarded on Feb 12, 2009, a $7,371,596 firm fixed price requirements contract for which project funds will modify the basic mechanical and electrical refurbishment to accommodate the green bullet design. Work is to be performed at Lake City Army Ammunition Plant, Independence, Mo., with an estimated completion date of Aug. 31, 2009. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Sustainment Command, Rock Island, Ill., is the contracting activity (DAAA09-99-D-0016).

Benchmark Contracting, Inc., Las Vegas, Nev., was awarded on Feb. 12, 2009, a $5,720,000 firm fixed price contract. The project is an 18,000 square foot dining facility that will be constructed using a pre-engineered building with reinforced foundation and floor slab, structural steel frames, metal exterior walls, standing seam metal roof, all required utilities, communication support, fire detection/protections, parking, site improvements, landscaping, and all other necessary support. Work is to be performed at Creech Air Force Base, Clark County, Nev., with an estimated completion date of Jun. 15, 2009. Bids were solicited on the Web with 20 bids received. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, Calif., is the contracting activity (W912PL-09-C-0005).

AIR FORCE

The Air Force is modifying a cost plus award fee contract with Lockheed Martin-Integrated Systems and Solutions, Colorado Springs, Colo., for an estimated $7,343,360. This contract action awards the continuing systems engineering and program management support for the CCIC2s program under the Integrated Space Command and Control. At this time, the entire amount has been obligated. 850 ELSG/PK, Peterson Air Force Base, Colo., is the contracting activity (F19628-00-C-0019, P00155).

'Honest Abe' Served Nation as Captain Lincoln

By Renee Hylton
Special to American Forces Press Service

Feb. 13, 2009 - Many people know Abraham Lincoln as the 16th American president or the man who brought an end to slavery. But not many know of his military service. Abraham Lincoln, who is considered by many historians and political scientists to be the greatest U.S. president, was born 200 years ago yesterday in a one-room Kentucky log cabin.

"Honest Abe" was the real thing -- a self-educated man of the people who rose to greatness, guiding the country through the long and bloody Civil War that marked his presidency.

Many historians believe the outcome of the war might have been different if Lincoln had not been president. Over the years, historians have speculated that without Lincoln's political skills, northern states would have agreed to make peace rather than seek victory on the battlefield.

Between his inauguration in 1861 and his assassination in 1865, Lincoln became a student of military tactics and strategy. However, Lincoln was not without military experience of his own. In 1832, he served in the Illinois militia for three months during the Black Hawk War.

Lincoln, known for his humor and willingness to poke fun at himself, downplayed his military service. He once declared in a congressional debate: "I fought, bled, and came away. ... I had a good many bloody struggles with the mosquitoes."

In addition to serving as a private, Lincoln also was elected company commander. During this time, many militia companies elected their officers.

Thirty years later, his three months in the field as an officer and a private likely influenced his attitude toward the great armies of citizen-soldiers -- who fought on both sides in the Civil War.

As the nation celebrates the bicentennial of Lincoln's birth, the 150th anniversary of the American Civil War is not far behind. It probably will be commemorated, in the words of Lincoln's second inaugural address, now chiseled on the walls of his memorial, "with malice toward none, with charity for all."

(Renee Hylton is a historian for the National Guard Bureau.)

Thursday, February 12, 2009

Satellite Collision Debris May Affect Space Operations, Cartwright Says

By Air Force Master Sgt. Adam M. Stump
Special to American Forces Press Service

Feb. 12, 2009 - The collision yesterday of two communication satellites has left a debris pattern that may affect future space operations, the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said at a symposium here today co-sponsored by the George C. Marshall Institute and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Space Enterprise Council. U.S. Marine Gen. James E. Cartwright, speaking on the national security ramifications of the collision between an American and a Russian satellite, said the event shows the need for better information sharing and space situational awareness.

The American satellite, owned by Iridium Satellite of Bethesda, Md., weighed about 1,200 pounds and collided with a Russian satellite that had been nonoperational for more than a decade. The crash happened 491 miles above Siberia. The collision was confirmed when the active U.S. satellite did not report in and the debris field was picked up by sensors.

"My worry is that debris field is going to be up there for about a year, so we're going to have to play a little bit of dodgeball," Cartwright said. "It's going to be a problem because it will take a month or two for the debris to settle down and for us to understand the scope of the field to be able to track it and understand where at least the larger objects are."

The debris will be around for some time because the satellites were in a high orbit around the earth, Cartwright said. Once the debris field has stabilized, there will be a pattern that all countries can use to navigate around, he said.

"It's a field of debris out there that's going to be out there for many years," he said. "The good news is once it's stabilized, it's relatively predictable. The bad news is, it's a large area. If we're denied that large area for use, it becomes a problem."

Many of the commercial and national security satellites, particularly communications satellites, rely on certain spacing between other objects in order to be effective, Cartwright said. Losing a spot because of debris could have a financial or operational impact on anyone wanting to use the space, he said.

"If that's going to be long term, that's a problem for us," he said.

The general said he hopes the incident will result in a better exchange of satellite orbit data between countries.
"I'd like to be able to find a way, not only with Russia, but with other nations to make sure that our exchange of data is more complete," he said. "We would be remiss to not take advantage of this and turn it into good."

The growing number of satellites require improved information sharing, Cartwright said. "It is a crowded place out there today," he said. "There is just no way around that. The need, first and foremost, for better situational awareness out there is something you have to actively pursue."

The need for space situational awareness has changed drastically in recent years, the general said. "It was acceptable five years ago to know something was out there and check on it every couple weeks," he said. "Those days are just not tolerable anymore."

Whereas countries previously could wait a few days or weeks to get satellites stabilized in their orbits, the current congestion in space pushes that timeframe down to seconds and minutes, he said.

(Air Force Master Sgt. Adam M. Stump is assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff Public Affairs Office.)

Project Sanctuary Provides Retreat for Military Families

By Sharon Foster
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 12, 2009 - Whether it's sitting around a campfire roasting marshmallows in the winter or standing in the middle of a creek fishing during the summer, a Colorado troop-support group is promising a week-long retreat full of fun and relaxation for 80 deserving military families this year. Project Sanctuary will give the military families a five-night, all-expenses-paid, therapeutic retreat in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The retreats will be co-hosted by the YMCA of the Rockies at the Snow Mountain Ranch near Winter Park, Colo.

"The stress on military families is enormous," Kristi Kinnison, director of development at Project Sanctuary, said. "We want to honor and help these families, relieving the stresses that they feel as a result of deployment."

Founded in November 2007, Project Sanctuary began offering military retreats in 2008 to support returning troops by strengthening the family as a whole. Combining medical and psychological services with group dynamics, team building, personal care and coping skills, these retreats offer fun, enjoyable, constructive opportunities for service personnel to reconnect with their loved ones, while providing support for positive reintegration into civilian life, Kinnison said.

Eight retreats are planned for this year, and 10 to 12 families will go together on each retreat. Snow Mountain Ranch allows each family to have its own cabin and then join the group at least daily in a lodge that houses the staff and volunteers. The lodge is the central meeting point for the entire retreat.

"Putting the families together helps them to know that they are not alone," Kinnison said. "Having the families experience a retreat together creates lasting support systems, creating a network with other families. Another benefit of bringing the families together helps bring different service branches together."

The retreats are based on using leisure, recreation and play to reduce barriers to participation and provide opportunities where the individual and families may choose to participate.

"All retreats will help families find peace within everyday rituals, including preparing meals and doing dishes," Kinnison said. "In the summertime, we take families hiking, white-water rafting, horseback riding and rock climbing, [and we also have] hay rides and roast marshmallows around campfires. In the winter, families go skiing, tubing [and] snowmobiling, experience sleigh rides, and build snowmen. Each family is given ample time to do their own thing and the facility is ideal as it includes many other recreational facilities."

Michelle Bruce, who attended the retreat last year with her husband, Air Force Tech. Sgt. David D. Bruce, and their three children, said she initially was skeptical of the retreat.

"We wondered what the organization was trying to sell," Bruce said. "To our complete surprise, we truly enjoyed ourselves. It was so wonderful. My husband, Dave, had just returned from deployment, a week prior to us going. As with many families, we were having a bit of a hard time reintegrating back to living together. The retreat was so fun, relaxing and romantic for Dave and me. It was truly life-changing for all of us."

Michelle Briggs, whose husband, Robert Briggs, is in the Iowa National Guard's 224th Combat Engineers, agreed.

"Bob was severely injured when a [rocket-propelled grenade] entered his [forward operating base] in Ramadi, Iraq," she said. "I have always been searching for retreats or meetings on how to help our family rebuild.

"For our family," Briggs continued, "Project Sanctuary was a hope with help of rebuilding our family, to show our kids that their dad is getting better, that he is still their dad. While we were there, our entire family hiked up a mountain, some two miles, and we did it as a whole family. We fished as a whole family again. We did everything as a whole family. This is what we are trying to do to help our family be whole again."

All retreats are in Colorado, and most participants reside in Colorado. Project Sanctuary tries to include at least one out-of-state family per retreat.

Program officials take retreat applications on a first-come, first-served basis. All servicemembers are considered, but servicemembers who recently have returned from deployment are ideal candidates, Kinnison said. Families may apply for a retreat by filling out an application at the Project Sanctuary Web site.

MILITARY CONTRACTS February 12, 2009

AIR FORCE

The Air Force is awarding a firm fixed price contract to ITT Corp., of Clifton, New Jersey for a maximum of $99,867,795 which covers the contract for 36 months. This action will support foreign military sales to Turkey. At this time, the entire amount has been obligated. 542 CBSSS/PKS, Robins Air Force Base, Ga., is the contracting activity (FA8540-09-C-0002).

The Air Force is awarding a firm fixed price contract to Research Associates for Defense Conversion, Inc. of Marcy, N.Y. for a maximum of $8,681,323. This action will provide design, develop and test advanced technical audio technology software to meet current and future audio exploitation requirements in support of both military and law enforcement missions. At this time, only $2,818,089 has been obligated. Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, New York is the contracting activity (FA8750-09-C-0067).

DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY

ActioNet Inc., Fairfax, Va., is being awarded indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract with firm-fixed-price and cost reimbursable line items. The contract is for support personnel to implement and maintain the portion of the DISA Information System Infrastructure over which the DISA Information Systems Center has operational responsibility, known as the Core Enterprise Network (CORENet). The total ceiling of this contract is $78,660,729 over the two year base period plus three (one year) options. The Defense Information Technology Contracting Organization, National Capital Region, is the contracting activity (HC1047-09-D-0001).

ARMY

Lobar, Inc., Dillsburg, Pa., was awarded on Feb 11, 2009, an $11,435,000 firm fixed price contract for construction of an Army Reserve Center at Letterkenny, Pa. Estimated completion date is Jun 30, 2010. Bids were solicited on FedBizOpps with 11 bids received. Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, Louisville, Ky., is the contracting agency (W912QR-09-C-0018).

Hutchinson Industries, Trenton, N.J., was awarded on Feb. 11, 2009, a $9,602,715.43 firm fixed price contract for wheel and tire assemblies, potential quantity: 9,863. Work is to be performed at Trenton, N.J., with an estimated completion date of Dec 31, 2009. One bid was solicited and one bid received. Tank & Automotive Command-Warren, Mich., is the contracting agency (W56HZV-09-C-0288).

Army Armaments Incorporated, Hunt Valley, Md., was awarded on Feb. 11, 2009, a $9,323,216 cost plus fixed fee contract modification that exercises options for additional engineering services hours for Laser Designator Low Rate Initial Production and Tactical Common Data Link Interoperability Compliance and Universal Ground Control Station / Universal Ground Data Terminal Integration in support of the Shadow 200 Unmanned Aerial System. Work is to be performed at Hunt Valley, Md., with an estimated completion date of Apr. 30, 2010. One bid was solicited and one bid received. U.S. Army Contracting Command is the contracting activity (W58RGZ-08-C-0033).

NAVY

Northrop Grumman Corp., Electronic Systems Defensive Systems Div., Rolling Meadows, Ill., is being awarded a $10,339,316 cost plus fixed fee, firm fixed fixed price indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity contract to provide software and hardware upgrades and services in support of the Litening Targeting Pod used for the EA-6B, AV-8B and F/A-18 aircraft. Services to be provided include defining requirements, designing functional enhancements, testing developmental operational flight programs (OFPs), delivery of six completed OFPs for Fleet use, and incidental services, studies, analysis and demonstrations. The estimated level of effort for this contract is 22,341 man-hours. Work will be performed in Rolling Meadows, Ill., (75 percent) and China Lake, Calif., (25 percent), and is expected to be completed in Feb. 2014. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured. The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, China Lake, Calif., is the contracting activity (N68936-09-D-0022).

MKI Systems Woodbridge, Va., is being awarded a $9,268,615 task order to provide professional technical support to the Ground Transportation and Engineer Systems (GTES), MRAP JPMO. This includes contractor support directly to the PM; MRAP Category I, Category II, and Category III Leaders; Systems Integration and Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) Manager; PM for Spiral Development; Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Manager and Functional Leaders for Acquisition, Logistics, Engineering, Test & Evaluation and Safety. This effort builds upon existing contract support that will remain in place. The MRAP Vehicle Program has seen significant increases in the numbers of vehicles required, the volume of activities associated with Acquisition Category (ACAT) 1D transition and the demands for rapid acquisition and fielding of MRAP vehicles. Contract support under this task order will include comprehensive professional program management services for all MRAP vehicles and associated systems. Key support includes preparation and updates of ACAT 1D acquisition documentation and other business and administrative services; engineering services and requirements analysis including spiral technology development/insertion; GFE integration; test and evaluation; production support; logistics analysis support, FMS and JPMO security. Many of the programs under this PM include high priority United States Marine Corps (USMC), Joint Service and FMS requirements with extensive Congressional, Department of Defense (DoD), Department of the Navy (DoN) and USMC interest. Work will be performed in Stafford, Va. Work is expected to be completed in Nov. 2009. Contract funds will expire: $9,268,615 on 30 Sept. 2009. The Marine Corps System Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity (M67854-02-A-9008-0071).

Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, Pascagoula, Miss., is being awarded an $8,999,980 modification to previously awarded contract for systems engineering, design and technical services to support the detail design and construction of the DDG 1000 Zumwalt Class Destroyers. Work will be performed in Pascagoula, Miss., and is expected to be completed by Dec. 2009. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington Navy Yard, D.C., is the contracting activity (N00024-06-C-2304).

EG&G Technical Services, Inc. Germantown, Md., is being awarded an $8,900,613 task order to provide immediate and on-going acquisition and technical support to the Joint Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle Program (JMVP). This includes contractor support directly to the Joint Program Manager (JPM), deputies, and product and functional team leaders. This effort will include comprehensive Joint Program Management services for all MRAP vehicles and systems, systems engineering and production support, test and evaluation, integration, transportation, logistics, and acquisition management support. Key events include expedited testing, integration, fielding, and training for MRAP vehicles; concurrent integration of system and component improvements to both MRAP and related low density vehicles, and comprehensive assessments, selection, and fielding of other Improvised Explosive Device (IED) countermeasure equipment, all in response to Urgent Universal Needs Statements (UUNS) generated by the Operating Forces (OPFORs). The Secretary of Defense designated the JMVP the highest priority DoD acquisition program. The program has exceptionally high Congressional, DoD, and joint Service interest and requires a highly competent and agile program management structure to respond to a myriad of urgent and priority requests for information and action. The program has transitioned from a Component rapid deployment capability to an ACAT ID program that is currently producing, fielding, upgrading, and sustaining life-saving vehicles for Warfighters. Work will be performed in Stafford, VA. Work is expected to be completed in November 2009. Contract funds will expire on Sept. 30, 2009. The Marine Corps System Command, Quantico, Va., is the contracting activity (M67854-02-A-9011-0076).

Nan Inc., dba Ocean House Builders, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819, is being awarded firm fixed price Task Order 0004 at $8,825,260 under an indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity design-build multiple award construction contract for construction of a new Youth Center at Marine Corps Base Hawaii. Work will be performed in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, and is expected to be completed by Nov. 2010. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Five proposals were received for this task order. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, is the contracting activity (contract number N62478-08-D-4009).

DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY

Thermo Pac LLC, Stone Mountain, Ga., is being awarded a maximum $23,473,590 firm fixed price contract for various food items. There are no other locations of performance. Using services are Navy, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps and Federal Civilian Agencies. There were originally 30 proposals solicited with 3 responses. Contract funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The date of performance completion is Feb. 13, 2010. The contracting activity is the Defense Supply Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa. (SPM3S1-06-D-Z135).

Electronic Warfare Offers New Jobs for Tech-savvy Professionals

By Jamie Findlater
Special to American Forces Press Service

Feb. 12, 2009 - A new career field makes room for 1,600 full-time electronic warfare professionals for the active-duty Army, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard, a senior officer said yesterday during a Defense Department Bloggers Roundtable conference call. The "29-series" electronic warfare specialty became an official career path Jan. 26, said Col. Laurie G. Moe Buckhout, chief of the electronic warfare division in Army Operations, Readiness and Mobilization.

"There's been a sea change, a huge paradigm shift in the understanding of electronic warfare," she said. "For decades, it's been run from the air, and now that you have an asymmetric ground battle -- not the Cold War anymore -- people are beginning to understand that there are a plethora of targets in any square kilometer on the ground, ... and we have to protect ourselves and be able to attack from a ground point of view."
Creation of the career field gives the Army the largest professional electronic warfare cadre of all of the services, and arguably one of the largest among the NATO countries, Buckhout said.

The new positions will be distributed throughout the force, from the four-star-command level down to battalions, and most electronic warfare practitioners will be in brigade combat teams, she added.

"A brigade combat team will have an enlisted, warrant, and officer at each team who is in charge of the nonkinetics within the targeting cell," Buckout explained. "[The Army's Training and Doctrine Command] spent a couple of years analyzing this beast inside and out, and the final analysis was we simply have to have electronic warfare officers, and the Army has to bite the bullet in force structure to build them in."

An electronic warfare noncommissioned officer can rise to be a sergeant major, a warrant officer can rise to be the W-4 or W-5 rank, and a commissioned officer can rise to be a lieutenant colonel or colonel, Buckhout said.

A number of pilot courses are running at Fort Sill, Okla., to train soldiers in the field of electronic warfare. One officer pilot course has been completed, another is under way, and warrant and enlisted courses are planned for April, the colonel said.

"We're getting a whole lot of volunteers from the field every day," she said. "NCOs, officers and warrants all want to play in this, because they see it as certainly the way ahead to go from kinetics to non kinetics."

The young officers and enlisted soldiers looking to join the career field see it as a way to expand into whole new technologies, Buckhout told the bloggers.

The colonel cited the words of President Barack Obama in explaining the new direction. "We must adapt and make tradeoffs among systems originally designed for the Cold War and those required for current and future challenges," she said, quoting Obama. "We need greater investment in advanced technology, ... like unmanned aerial vehicles and electronic warfare capabilities."

The Army's new electronic warfare career field puts those words to work, Buckhout said. "Like the new commander in chief said," she told the bloggers, "this is a way to get out of old-style Cold War business and to get into something new. That is right in line with the Army way ahead, our mantra is change."

For two years, Fort Sill has been running a skill-identifier course to train interested servicemembers, some of whom are Navy and Air Force members who have been filling necessary electronic warfare slots for the Army.

"They have trained a couple of thousand joint personnel, and in fact, all of the Navy and Air Force guys who go over to theater to fill in as Army [electronic warfare officers] go through those courses, because they do such a good job and bring them up to speed on ground [electronic warfare]."

Ground electronic warfare is different, she said, because of the need to find very specific target areas.

"The Air Force and the Navy have for a long time been flying high-altitude, airborne electronic attack capabilities ... that have a huge footprint on the ground," Buckhout explained. Many of these capabilities were designed to suppress enemy air defense, protecting strategic assets, bombers and long-range strike capabilities from ground-to-air missiles and other ground-to-air threats.

"If we want to go after a target on the ground,... or if we want to stop an [improvised explosive device] from blowing up,... [for the] Air Force or the Navy airborne platforms, it's like trying to hit a mosquito with a sledgehammer."

The Army needs to "apply surgical on-the-ground assets to complement the capability of emitters and collectors to target enemy communications," she added.

In future years, Buckhout explained, the career field will continue to grow.

"The field first started with IEDs as the focal point, but we quickly learned that they were just the tip of the iceberg," she said. "We are seeing electronic attacks [on communications]. We're seeing directed energy capabilities. We're seeing laser capabilities. We have something called active denial systems that puts out a directed energy pulse that is harmless, but not something you want to get in front of.

"There's a whole lot of technology in the area. Again, it's not something that most folks are reading about in the Washington Post..., but it's actually very accessible. It's at high-technology levels that can be quickly used by the services."

For more information, soldiers can contact Army Lt. Col. Frederick Harper at the Computer-Network Operations-Electronic Warfare Proponent at 913-684-8538 or frederick-harper@us.army.mil, or Army Lt. Col. James Looney, Fires Center of Excellence director of training and doctrine, at 580-442-2832 or james.looney@us.army.mil.

(Jamie Findlater works in the Defense Media Activity's new media directorate.)

Lynn, Other New Defense Leaders Assume Posts

By Jim Garamone
American Forces Press Service

Feb. 12, 2009 - Just like any other federal employee, Deputy Defense Secretary William J. Lynn III had to in-process through personnel and take the oath of office before starting work this morning, Pentagon officials said. The Senate confirmed Lynn by a vote of 93-4 yesterday. As deputy secretary he will be responsible for the day-to-day running of the department.

Lynn served as the Defense Department's comptroller during the Clinton administration.

The deputy secretary joins three other officials in President Barack Obama's administration who have begun serving in Pentagon posts: Robert Hale, comptroller; Michele Flournoy, undersecretary for policy; and Jeh Charles Johnson as general counsel. The Senate confirmed all three Feb. 9, and they began work the next day, Pentagon officials said.

After leaving the Clinton administration in 2001, Lynn was a senior vice president at the Raytheon Company. Because he served as a lobbyist for the defense contractor, Lynn required a waiver from Obama before being considered as deputy secretary. Concerns about this delayed his confirmation.

Lynn will recuse himself from any Defense Department decisions pertaining to Raytheon, the fifth-largest company doing business with the department with around $12 billion in contracts.