Hegseth Speaks at Inaugural Gold Star Advisory Council Meeting

Sept. 29, 2025 | By Matthew Olay, Pentagon News |

Secretary of War Pete Hegseth today chaired the first-ever meeting of the War Department's Gold Star Advisory Council, during which he vowed to improve the Pentagon's overall process for interacting with Gold Star families, including the department's Casualty Assistance Program.   

Gold Star family members are the surviving relatives of U.S. service members who died in the line of duty. 

Hegseth established the council — which is tasked with honoring the memories of fallen service members and ensuring their family members are never forgotten or left behind — in May with the signing of a memo. 

"For far too long — especially in our generation — there was just a big gap between what 'right' looks like and what reality was. Whether it's husbands or wives or fathers or mothers, the whole casualty assistance and Gold Star process was broken," Hegseth said, adding that Gold Star families should be welcomed into the arms of a grateful nation, rather than running into bureaucracy or being unable to get the answers they need. 

"Our charge here is that there's a lot of things that are broken [and] a lot of things that need to change. … We may not have broken them, but we're in charge now and we're going to fix them, and we're going to do everything we can," Hegseth said.  

The Gold Star Advisory Council will seek to elevate the voices of Gold Star family members directly to War Department leadership to "tackle real concerns and transform the casualty process for good," Hegseth told the media earlier in the day, adding that the council has his "full backing to call out the failures, shake up the bureaucratic status quo and drive the changes that will stick."  

Co-vice chairs of the council include Anthony Tata, undersecretary of war for personnel and readiness, and Gold Star wife Jane Horton, who also serves as a senior advisor to Hegseth. 

"As much as I can humanly understand — and I know I can't understand everything that each of you have been through — I know the responsibility I have … to make sure we get this right … and to make sure that we take care of all of you and everyone that you represent," Tata told the Gold Star family members in attendance.  

"And you have my commitment in that regard," he added. 

Horton told the Gold Star family members in attendance that it was an honor to serve them and to represent their fallen service members. She also said she has confidence in Hegseth's commitment to the council. 

"I know that [Hegseth] means it when he says that we're going to get things done and that there's going to be action behind these words," Horton said.   

During the meeting, Hegseth was sure to credit past efforts made by those who worked in the War Department's Gold Star program, stating that it wasn't for a lack of caring that the program had deficiencies. 

"It was just not enough concentration on forging that solution that really works and really shows the humanity to a process that is ultimately a human process," Hegseth said. 

"Hopefully we can aggregate all of that [previous hard work] with the authority of the secretary's office and drive some of that change that maybe just couldn't get done because it wasn't happening at this level," he added.    

Army's 1st Cavalry Division Conducts First Switchblade 600 Live-Fire Exercise

Sept. 29, 2025 | By Heather Ashley, Fort Hood Public Affairs Office |

As part of Pegasus Charge, 1st Cavalry Division's effort in support of the Army's "Transforming in Contact" initiative to modernize armored formations, soldiers assigned to the 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division, conducted Fort Hood's first live-fire exercise of the Switchblade 600 Loitering Munition System, Sept. 15. 

 
The Switchblade 600 — a tube-launched, unmanned aircraft system — has already seen extensive use by Special Operations Forces, light infantry units and foreign partners. The 1st Cavalry Division is among the first armored units to field the system. 
 
"This is the first time for all of our soldiers to see these munitions fired, and you can feel the excitement in the air," said Army Capt. Jeffrey Weller, Multifunctional Reconnaissance Troop commander, 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division. "The Switchblade enables the brigade to engage targets with precision between 5 and 15 kilometers in front of our forward line of troops, extending our reach and lethality."

Modernizing the Fight

The Army's broader Transforming in Contact initiative aims to overhaul how armored formations fight by integrating new technologies, particularly drones and advanced communications.

"A huge thing the Army has seen across multiple battlefields, whether in Ukraine or elsewhere, is the rapid modernization and high usage of drones," Weller said. "We're taking those lessons learned and revamping our [unmanned aircraft] systems to stay ahead of adversaries." 
 
Roughly 5 feet long and weighing 75 pounds, the battery-powered Switchblade 600 resembles a drone, but carries a Javelin multipurpose warhead. It has a flight time of 40 to 45 minutes, a range of up to 27 miles and delivers a 5-pound explosive payload. 
 
"It's a remote-controlled missile that flies like a drone until it gets to the target," explained a flight operations supervisor with the system's manufacturer. "The operator uses onboard cameras to identify, select and engage the target." 
 
Once launched from its tube, the Switchblade can navigate through waypoints, loiter over the target area and strike with precision. Operators also retain the ability to wave off a strike mid-flight if conditions change. 
 
"The Switchblade allows us to target vehicles or small groups of personnel from much farther away than before," Weller said. "It increases our lethality, minimizes collateral damage and helps protect soldiers on the front lines." 

Before the live-fire exercise, soldiers completed a five-day training course with the manufacturer, during which they learned to set up, arm and program the drones for flight and strike missions. 
 
Army Spc. Drake Cross, a Switchblade operator who has flown RQ-7 Shadow and RQ-28 Quadcopter drones for the division, said this was his first experience with a munition-carrying UAS. 
 
"Everything else I've flown has been for surveillance and target acquisition," Cross said. "This is the first one where I can actually deliver a round. It's exciting because it saves soldiers' lives by hitting targets without putting us in danger." 
 
Cross said the system was user-friendly and similar to other UAS platforms, adding, "There's not much of a learning curve. Once you identify and lock onto a target, you can adjust right up until impact to make sure you're hitting what you want."

Looking Ahead

Weller said the Switchblade is just one example of how Transforming in Contact is reshaping the 1st Cavalry Division's armored formations. He noted that the unit will use the system during their upcoming rotation at the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, California. 
 
"The battlefield is constantly changing, and the Army has to modernize to keep pace," he said. "Seeing systems like the Switchblade in action shows us the future of how our formations will fight. It's a big step toward keeping our soldiers safer and more lethal."

Joint Insertion Training Enables Combined U.S.-Japan Live-Fire Exercise

Sept. 29, 2025 | By Air Force Staff Sgt. Natalie Doan, 374th Airlift Wing |

Airmen assigned to the 36th Airlift Squadron conducted a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System rapid insertion training during a joint operational support mission with Marines at Kadena Air Base and Kenebetsu Air Base, Japan, Sept. 18–19, enabling a bilateral live-fire exercise between the Marine Corps and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. 
 
The training gave personnel an opportunity to practice emerging tactics, techniques, and procedures that allow C-130 Hercules aircrews to reload ammo pods into a High Mobility Artillery Rocket System without any material handling equipment, a process known as HIMARS direct reload inside plane. 

 
This marked the first time on record that an Air Mobility Command aircrew within Pacific Air Forces has executed this process, as the 36th Airlift Squadron continues to develop homegrown training events designed to refine the skills needed to support operations in austere environments. 
 
"[This process] pushes and furthers the C130's capabilities for supporting HIMARS and [rapid insertion] operations," said Air Force Tech. Sgt. Trevor Humes, 36th AS instructor loadmaster. "By practicing rapid reload operations, we better enforce the lethality of our joint partners while reducing everyone's period of vulnerability. Being able to practice austere operations proves our readiness for contested environments." 

 
The first day of the mission began with aircrews from the 36th AS departing in two C-130J Super Hercules aircraft from Yokota Air Base to Kadena Air Base, where they met MC-130J Commando II personnel assigned to the 353rd Special Operations Wing, along with Marines from the 3rd Battalion, 12th Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division. 
 
The 353rd SOW is currently writing checklists and procedures for the direct reload mission in conjunction with the 561st Weapons Squadron and provided the 36th AS with the draft publications necessary to prepare them for mission execution. 

 
Additionally, 353rd SOW personnel provided hands-on training to 36th AS aircrews, guiding them through the process of loading an ammo pod into a HIMARS. 
 
The 353rd SOW conducts missions requiring unique skill sets, so expanding the training to 36th AS personnel increases the number of C-130 aircrews capable of maneuvering and sustaining joint operations in the Pacific theater. This added capacity is valuable if the special operations wing is tasked with a low-density, high-demand mission. 
 
Other units at Kadena Air Base further augmented the 36th AS to ensure a successful training. 

 
"This mission wasn't accomplished by one unit," said Air Force Col. Donavan Laskey, 374th Airlift Wing deputy commander. "It was accomplished by multiple units coming together as one team to show what we can do in a joint and combined environment. Our partners from the Marine Corps, 18th Wing, 733rd Air Mobility Squadron and 353rd Special Operations Wing played key roles in making it happen, and it is this kind of teamwork that ensures we are ready to respond whenever and wherever needed." 
 
The 36th AS aircrews departed Kadena the following day for Kenebetsu Air Base, transporting a HIMARS on one C-130J and two ammo pods on another. They then applied the direct reload procedures they had practiced the day before, demonstrating rapid reloading in a realistic environment without traditional support or infrastructure. 
 
This proved to be an invaluable experience for some of the newer aircrew members. 

 
"As a new airman, being part of this training gave me valuable insight into how we prepare for real-world contingency operations," said Air Force Airman 1st Class Andrew Giorgio, 36th AS loadmaster. "It was eye-opening to see the operational capability of the C-130J and how it supports the mission." 
 
Flying crew chiefs assigned to the 374th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron also supported the training, performing regular tasks while augmenting the 36th AS loadmasters to expedite the process. 
 
Airmen assigned to Yokota Air Base regularly conduct training events to strengthen agile combat employment capabilities and build interoperability with joint partners in support of a free and open Indo-Pacific. As it looks ahead, the squadron plans to build on this training by increasing efficiency and advancing their ability to respond in the event of a combat mission. 
 
"Our feedback and experiences are shaping future publications for our airframe and fellow aviators," Humes said. "By practicing and honing these procedures, we can take these lessons learned and continue to push the capabilities of our aircraft and partners." 

Naval Hospital in Japan Tests Readiness During Mass Casualty Drill

Sept. 29, 2025 | By Daniel Taylor, Naval Hospital Yokosuka |

Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command Yokosuka, Japan, conducted a large-scale mass casualty drill Sept. 23, testing its ability to triage, treat and transport multiple simulated patients during a crisis.

The exercise included 10 simulated casualties, ranging from a femur fracture with controlled bleeding to complex scenarios such as punctured lungs, cardiac emergencies and burn injuries. Throughout the day, patients were received, stabilized and transferred, with the final casualty requiring medical evacuation through Naval Air Facility Atsugi.

In the culminating scenario, medical personnel from Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Unit Sasebo transferred a simulated casualty to Nagasaki Airport, where it was met by a C-12 Huron aircraft assigned to NAF Atsugi and a medical crew from NMRTC Yokosuka. The aircraft flew to Atsugi, where the patient was offloaded and transported by ambulance to Naval Hospital Yokosuka for further treatment.

"This drill gave us the opportunity to test not only our in-hospital care but also our coordination with outside commands, such as Fleet Air Western Pacific, to ensure rapid evacuation when needed," said Nikolai Kerry, emergency manager at NMRTC Yokosuka.

Navy Capt. Torrin Velazquez, commanding officer of NMRTC Yokosuka, emphasized the importance of integrating new patient transport and aviation evacuation procedures into the command’s training cycle.

"Testing these new capabilities is essential to building the kind of muscle memory that ensures our teams can respond instinctively when seconds matter," Velazquez said. "By practicing these processes until they come naturally, we strengthen our readiness and safeguard the lives of those who depend on us. I want to thank every sailor, civilian and partner command who played a role in making this exercise successful."

Mass casualty drills are designed to prepare medical providers, first responders and supporting personnel for large-scale incidents such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks or major accidents. These events test readiness by requiring participants to triage patients, allocate limited resources and coordinate across commands in time-sensitive situations.

"While the scenarios are simulated, the pressure is real," Kerry said. "These drills highlight gaps in our procedures, strengthen teamwork across agencies, and most importantly, help us save lives when an actual emergency happens."

The exercise featured realistic injuries on a timed schedule to challenge hospital personnel. Early scenarios focused on orthopedic trauma, such as wrist and ankle fractures, while later patients presented more medically complex cases, including pregnancy issues and cardiac conditions.

Drills like this benefit both the Navy and the broader community by improving readiness, refining processes and ensuring all personnel know their roles in a crisis. NMRTC Yokosuka conducts mass casualty drills at least once or twice a year, often in partnership with other Navy installations and commands.

"This kind of training goes beyond the hospital walls," Kerry said. "By practicing in different environments and with different partners, we ensure we’re prepared for anything — from a disaster on base to a real-world emergency at sea."

The day concluded with the successful execution of the simulated casualty transfer from Sasebo to Yokosuka, underscoring the importance of interoperability and rapid response across Navy medical facilities in Japan.

Medal of Honor Monday: Army 1st Lt. Frank Luke Jr.

Sept. 29, 2025 | By Katie Lange, Pentagon News |

Aviation was in its infancy during World War I, but Army 1st Lt. Frank Luke Jr. took to it like a duck to water. Earning the nickname the "Arizona Balloon Buster" for the high number of enemy observation balloons he shot down, Luke was known as the most spectacular air fighter of the war. He didn't make it home, but his heroics in the sky made him the first Army aviator to receive the Medal of Honor.  

Luke was born May 19, 1897, in Phoenix. He was the fifth of nine children born to his parents, Tillie and Frank Luke Sr.  

Luke grew into a strong young man. He was known as one of the best athletes at Phoenix Union High School, where he was the track team captain and a member of the basketball and football teams. According to a speaker at his Medal of Honor ceremony, one time he even saved the life of a friend who was struggling to cross a stream when they went camping.  

In September 1917, a few months after the U.S. entered World War I, Luke enlisted in the Army Signal Corps' Aviation Section, which transformed in April 1918 to the Army Air Service. Luke learned to fly aircraft at Rockwell Field in San Diego, receiving his wings and a commission to second lieutenant in January 1918.  

Soon after, Luke was sent to France for additional combat training, which he completed in May 1918. From there, he went to Cazaux, France, to serve on the Western Front with the 1st Pursuit Group, 27th Aero Squadron. On Aug. 16, 1918, Luke took down his first enemy aircraft in combat.  

In the short amount of time Luke spent overseas, he earned the reputation of being a bit of a loner who occasionally ignored orders and sought to destroy the enemy on his own. He did, however, team up with a friend, Army 1st Lt. Joseph Wehner, during the mid-September St. Mihiel Offensive. During that time, Luke shot down three aircraft, and the pair destroyed five German observation balloons, which Luke attacked frequently.  

While tethered balloons don't sound like a difficult target, they were one of the toughest any pilot could face during World War I. The hydrogen-filled balloons were critical to the war's trench warfare environment, serving as observation posts that enabled both sides to look deep behind enemy lines. Observers in the balloons communicated with their leaders and adjusted artillery fire on the ground in real time to increase accuracy.  

Because the balloons had such great tactical value, most were protected by heavy antiaircraft gun batteries, and there were often squadrons of airplanes ready to pursue anyone who considered going after them. Pilots who continually targeted the balloons were considered to have a death wish, historians said.  

Luke's last flight — and his most valiant — happened on Sept. 29, 1918, near Murvaux, France. That day, he took to the skies in a French-built Spad XIII aircraft to go after enemy observation balloons, even though he hadn't received the proper permission, according to Air Force historians.  

When Luke neared the enemy balloon line, eight German planes that were protecting it came after him. Despite the heavy fire he took from those planes and the ground batteries below, Luke didn't hesitate to attack back, shooting down three balloons. He then descended to within 50 meters of the ground and, with at least a dozen villagers watching, opened fire on enemy troops, killing six and wounding many more.  

During the melee, Luke was also hit and severely wounded in the right shoulder. He was then forced to make an emergency landing in hostile territory. Surrounded by German forces on all sides who called on him to surrender, Luke refused. Instead, he drew his automatic pistol and fought back until he was killed.  

In Luke's brief career, he took down four airplanes and 14 balloons. His record of 18 "kills" stands second only to Army Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker's 26, according to the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force.  

Aside from the French villagers who made a sworn affidavit to what they saw Luke do that day, the fallen aviator's comrades also couldn't say enough about his bravery.  

"No one had the sheer contemptuous courage that boy possessed. He was an excellent pilot and probably the best flying marksman on the Western Front," said Army Maj. H.E. Hartney, Luke's commander. "We had any number of expert pilots, and there was no shortage of good shots, but the perfect combination — like the perfect specimen of anything in the world — was scarce. Frank Luke was the perfect combination." 

On May 29, 1919, Luke's father received the Medal of Honor on his son's behalf from Army Brig. Gen. Howard R. Hickok. Luke, who also received two Distinguished Service Crosses, was then posthumously promoted to first lieutenant.  

Rickenbacker also received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the war, but it wasn't awarded to him until 1930.  

Luke was initially buried by the Germans in the area where he fell; however, he was later moved and buried in a grave in the Meuse-Argonne Cemetery in Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, France.  

His Medal of Honor was donated to the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio.  

Luke's valor has certainly not been forgotten. On Armistice Day in 1930, before it became known as Veterans Day, a statue of his likeness was unveiled at the grounds of the Arizona State Capitol building in Phoenix. Luke Avenue on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, was also named for him.  

But perhaps his best-known namesake would be the one right near where he grew up: Luke Air Force Base outside of Phoenix was named in his honor in 1949. 

The History of Military Awards and Decorations: Global Traditions and the American Experience

Throughout history, societies have sought ways to honor those who demonstrated courage, loyalty, and sacrifice in battle. Military awards and decorations serve as visible tokens of recognition, bestowed upon soldiers not only to commemorate their actions but also to inspire others and reinforce collective identity. They range from medals for valor to badges of service and campaign ribbons that chronicle a soldier’s career.

While the practice of honoring warriors is ancient, the form and meaning of military decorations have evolved with political systems and cultural values. Monarchies tied awards to nobility and fealty, empires used them to solidify loyalty, and modern republics adapted them to reflect merit, inclusivity, and service. This essay surveys the global history of military awards and decorations with emphasis on the United States. By tracing their origins, comparing different nations’ practices, and examining the purposes and critiques of such honors, we can see how decorations mirror the societies that create them.

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Origins of Military Awards in Antiquity

The earliest recognizable military decorations can be found in ancient civilizations. In Greece, victorious athletes and warriors received laurel wreaths, symbols of honor tied to civic pride (Poliakoff, 1987). The Romans systematized decorations into a complex hierarchy of crowns, such as the corona civica (oak crown) awarded for saving the life of a fellow citizen, and the corona muralis (wall crown) given to the first man to scale an enemy wall (McDonnell, 2006). These honors were not ornamental; they were highly prestigious, often granting lifelong privileges, including seats of honor at public games.

Outside the Mediterranean, Chinese dynasties bestowed courtly titles, robes, and banners on distinguished generals, while Islamic caliphates often rewarded service with khil‘a—robes of honor symbolizing favor and legitimacy. In all cases, the decorations underscored values of courage, loyalty, and service to the state or ruler.

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Medieval and Early Modern Traditions

During the Middle Ages, military awards took the form of chivalric orders, many of which survive today as ceremonial institutions. King Edward III of England founded the Order of the Garter in 1348, granting it to loyal nobles and distinguished knights (Risk, 1965). In Burgundy, Philip the Good established the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1430, intertwining military honor with dynastic prestige.

The Ottoman Empire used jeweled weapons and symbolic garments to mark service, while in Renaissance Europe medals emerged as standardized objects. By the 16th century, monarchs were issuing portable decorations that could be worn on the body or uniform, signaling a shift toward recognizability and universality. These awards were both political tools and instruments of hierarchy, reinforcing fealty while publicly displaying royal gratitude.

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18th–19th Century Developments: The Birth of Modern Decorations

The 18th and 19th centuries marked the true emergence of modern military honors. In Prussia, Frederick the Great created the Pour le Mérite in 1740, often awarded for acts of courage and leadership. France under Napoleon broke with aristocratic exclusivity by establishing the Legion of Honor in 1802. This decoration could be granted to soldiers of any class, symbolizing the revolutionary ideal of meritocracy (Werlich, 1974).

Britain’s Victoria Cross, instituted in 1856 during the Crimean War, further democratized valor awards. Its plain bronze design emphasized equality: it could be awarded regardless of rank. Across the Atlantic, the young United States experimented with its own traditions. George Washington established the Badge of Military Merit in 1782, a purple cloth heart awarded for “instances of unusual gallantry” or meritorious service. Although awarded only three times, it set a republican precedent for merit-based recognition (Kerrigan, 2006).

During the Civil War, Congress authorized the Medal of Honor (1861 for the Navy, 1862 for the Army). Initially awarded liberally, it became the cornerstone of U.S. military decorations, representing the nation’s highest recognition for valor. This period solidified decorations as permanent, structured elements of military culture.

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The United States: Building a System of Recognition

Revolutionary Roots and the Civil War

The Badge of Military Merit embodied Washington’s vision of a republic that valued service over aristocratic privilege. Although it lapsed after the Revolution, the concept resurfaced in the 20th century with the revival of the Purple Heart in 1932, linking contemporary sacrifice to the nation’s founding ideals (Kerrigan, 2006).

The Medal of Honor, by contrast, became the preeminent U.S. award during the Civil War. Initially given to more than 1,500 soldiers for actions ranging from valor to simple service, its prestige was diluted. In the early 20th century, review boards rescinded many awards, tightening standards to preserve its significance (Borch, 2013).

World Wars and Expansion

World War I catalyzed the creation of additional awards to fill the gap between the Medal of Honor and lower service recognitions. The Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, and Silver Star emerged, recognizing acts of gallantry and meritorious service short of the highest award. The Distinguished Flying Cross honored aviators, reflecting new domains of warfare (Borch, 2013).

In 1932, the Purple Heart was formally reestablished to honor those wounded or killed in action, directly connecting modern soldiers to Washington’s original badge. World War II saw further expansion, including the Bronze Star and a range of campaign and service medals to recognize broad participation in theaters of war. The Good Conduct Medal honored enlisted service members for discipline and dedication.

Cold War and Modern Conflicts

During the Cold War, the U.S. created Joint Service awards to reflect inter-branch cooperation, as well as humanitarian and achievement medals for non-combat contributions. The Vietnam War introduced the Combat Action Ribbon and other decorations tailored to new types of conflict.

In recent decades, operations in Iraq and Afghanistan led to new campaign medals and continued refinement of criteria for valor. Unit citations and multinational medals (such as NATO awards) reflected coalition warfare. At the same time, controversies arose over recognition disparities, leading to posthumous upgrades of awards for minority veterans long overlooked (Smith, 2017).

The modern U.S. system balances combat valor, meritorious service, and inclusivity, with ribbons and medals collectively forming a visible résumé of a service member’s career.

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Comparative Perspectives: Other Nations

Although the United States has developed a distinctive system, its traditions parallel those of other countries.

• United Kingdom: The Victoria Cross remains Britain’s highest award for valor, granted sparingly. Other honors, such as the Distinguished Service Order and Military Cross, fill the hierarchy. British culture emphasizes gallantry and individual courage (Duckers, 2004).

• France: The Legion of Honor continues as both a military and civilian award, symbolizing republican ideals. The Croix de Guerre, established in World War I, specifically honors combat bravery.

• Russia and the Soviet Union: Tsarist Russia created the Order of St. George in 1769, while the Soviet Union established the Hero of the Soviet Union award in 1934. Post-Soviet Russia continues with the Hero of the Russian Federation.

• Japan: The Order of the Rising Sun, established in 1875, recognized distinguished service, while modern Japanese awards reflect postwar pacifism.

• China: The People’s Liberation Army maintains a system of honors, including the Order of August 1st and the Medal of the Republic, reflecting socialist ideology and revolutionary continuity.

These comparative examples show that while the form of awards differs, their purpose—to embody national values and reward sacrifice—remains constant.

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Purposes and Critiques of Military Awards

Military awards serve multiple purposes. They recognize individuals, boost morale, encourage continued service, and serve as tools of propaganda and diplomacy. Ceremonies confer legitimacy upon governments and bind soldiers to institutions.

Yet awards are not without controversy. Some critics argue that the proliferation of medals dilutes their meaning. Others highlight inequities: women and minority service members historically received fewer awards, often corrected only decades later (Smith, 2017). Political considerations sometimes influence decisions, leading to disputes over fairness. In the United States, the 2005 Stolen Valor Act highlighted concerns about fraudulent claims, underscoring the symbolic power decorations still hold.

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The Symbolism of Decorations

Beyond practical recognition, military awards function as symbolic language. Ribbons and medals worn on uniforms act as visible biographies, telling the story of where a soldier has served and what they achieved. A rack of ribbons is not merely decoration but a portable record of honor, sacrifice, and identity. Ceremonial presentations reinforce values of service and continuity, making awards both personal and institutional symbols.

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The Future of Military Awards

As warfare evolves, so too must the systems of recognition. Cyber warfare, remote drone operations, and hybrid conflicts raise questions about how to honor nontraditional combat roles. Similarly, humanitarian missions, peacekeeping, and disaster relief increasingly dominate military activity, requiring awards that capture these contributions. Debates over modernization, inclusivity, and global coalition recognition will shape future systems. What remains unchanged is the need to honor those who serve.

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Conclusion

From Roman crowns to modern medals, military awards have always mirrored the values of their societies. They have served as tools of loyalty, honor, and remembrance. The United States, drawing on republican ideals, created a system that prizes merit and inclusivity while adapting to modern warfare. Compared with global traditions, the American system reflects both continuity and innovation.

Ultimately, decorations are more than metal and ribbon. They are cultural texts, embodying sacrifice and service across generations. As new challenges emerge, the practice of honoring soldiers will remain vital—not merely for individuals but for the societies that send them into harm’s way.

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References

Borch, F. L. (2013). Medals for Soldiers and Airmen: Awards and Decorations of the United States Army and Air Force. McFarland.

Duckers, P. (2004). British Military Medals: A Guide for the Collector and Family Historian. Shire Publications.

Kerrigan, M. (2006). Military Medals of the United States. Chartwell Books.

McDonnell, M. (2006). Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press.

Poliakoff, M. (1987). Combat Sports in the Ancient World. Yale University Press.

Risk, J. C. (1965). The History of Orders and Decorations. Swan Sonnenschein.

Smith, T. E. (2017). Honor, Service, and Valor: A History of Military Decorations in the United States. University Press of Kansas.

Werlich, R. (1974). Orders and Decorations of All Nations: Ancient and Modern, Civil and Military. Quaker Press.

National Park Service. (2025). Military Awards and Honors: Historical Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior.ards (from the Badge of Military Merit to modern campaign medals) to accompany the essay?

U.S. and UAE Conduct 9th Joint Military Dialogue

 Sept. 27, 2025 |

From September 25-26, senior delegations from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the United States (U.S.) convened in Abu Dhabi for the 9th U.S.-UAE Joint Military Dialogue (JMD).  The UAE delegation was led by Assistant Under Secretary for Policy & Defense Communication His Excellency Ali Al Ahmed and the U.S. delegation was led by Assistant Secretary of War for International Security Affairs, The Honorable Daniel Zimmerman.

The JMD is the preeminent bilateral forum for advancing the U.S.-UAE defense partnership, providing an opportunity to review common security concerns, develop joint approaches, and advance shared goals in support of a more secure and prosperous UAE and broader Middle East region. 

The delegations discussed a range of bilateral and regional defense issues, including integrated air and missile defense, military cooperation, foreign military sales, and emerging capabilities development. The JMD provided an opportunity for delegations to build out the newly announced partnerships between the U.S. Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) and the UAE's Tawazun Council, as well as the UAE and the Texas National Guard under the State Partnership Program.

The United States and the UAE reaffirmed their commitment to a strong and mutually beneficial bilateral defense relationship, and to enhancing military-to-military cooperation, joint capability development, and long-term defense alignment between the two nations. As Major Defense Partners (MDP), the two sides agreed to deepen their cooperation across multiple domains to advance shared objectives, including a commitment to sign a Special Operations Forces Statement of Intent in the near future. The UAE is one of two countries that was designated by the United States as an MDP. The United States and UAE will continue to invest in this critical partnership on the basis of mutual respect, common interests, and a shared vision of peace through strength.

Maritime Medical Response: 129th Rescue Wing Stabilizes Mariner 700 Nautical Miles Offshore

Sept. 25, 2025 | By Air Force Master Sgt. Joseph Prouse, 129th Rescue Wing |

A Guardian Angel pararescue team assigned to the 129th Rescue Wing, California Air National Guard, stabilized a Filipino mariner aboard the Panamanian-flagged cargo ship Grand Vega after reports of stroke-like symptoms during a two-day search and rescue operation approximately 700 nautical miles off the California coast. 

U.S. Coast Guard District 11 relayed the alert in coordination with the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center. The Grand Vega was crewed primarily by Filipino mariners. 

The wing launched an HC-130J Combat King II on Sept. 18, carrying five Guardian Angel team members — pararescuemen and a combat rescue officer — to plan for various sea state contingencies and ensure the team could access the ship upon arrival. Pre-mission planning emphasized multiple insertion options for varying sea states to ensure patient care would not be delayed by conditions. 

Four pararescuemen conducted a maritime parachute insertion with a boat package, accessed the vessel, and moved below deck to assess and stabilize the patient for transfer. A follow-on recovery package launched from Moffett Air National Guard Base the next morning. The package included one HH-60G Pave Hawk and one HH-60W Jolly Green II, while an additional HC-130J provided command-and-control and air-to-air refueling support. 

"This mission demonstrates disciplined planning, swift insertion and expert patient care at an extreme distance," said Air Force Maj. Coda Brown, 129th Operations Group. "Our Guardian Angel teams, rotary-wing crews and HC-130J aircrews integrate seamlessly with the U.S. Coast Guard to save lives when both minutes and miles matter."  

Brown noted that interagency cooperation is critical to maritime safety and security in the Pacific region. 

The patient was hoisted to a helicopter and transported to Stanford Hospital, where local paramedics were staged at the landing zone to complete the handoff for a higher level of care. Officials said the rapid transfer is expected to improve the patient's outcome. 

"I am incredibly grateful to be part of this mission, but most importantly, I am happy the patient received the care he needed, and all members returned home safely," said a pararescueman with the 131st Rescue Squadron. 

Unit officials said the operation is recorded as the wing's first life saved with the HH-60W and possibly the final life saved with the HH-60G, marking a conversion milestone for the 129th Rescue Wing. Unit leaders said this achievement underscores the wing's ongoing commitment to modernizing its fleet and maintaining high operational readiness, adding that the response reinforces the 129th Rescue Wing's enduring ties with key partner nations and allies, including the Philippines, and demonstrates the unit's commitment to saving lives. The mission's strategic effects build Pacific proficiency and validate the wing's vital role in the region. 

Behind the scenes, maintainers, weather and intelligence professionals, aircrew flight equipment specialists, logistics personnel, communications experts, command post staff and medical specialists enabled the response. 

The 129th Rescue Wing provides worldwide combat search and rescue, as well as civil search and rescue capabilities. The wing operates HH-60G/HH-60W helicopters, HC-130J aircraft and Guardian Angel teams in support of joint and interagency partners, including the Coast Guard. 

The mission marks the wing's 1,169th life saved.

Security Forces in Alaska Take Part in Specialized Training

Sept. 26, 2025 | By Air Force Airman 1st Class Tala Hunt, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson |

Eight airmen assigned to the 673rd Security Forces Squadron participated in a Fly Away Security Team training course at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Sept. 15-19.

 
Fly Away Security Team training is a five-day, 40-hour course that challenges airmen physically and mentally to enhance their lethality while protecting aircraft, aircrew, cargo and distinguished visitors during operations on austere airfields. 
 
They aid in humanitarian missions and War Department operations; their missions typically involve providing a security perimeter around aircraft at unsecured, foreign airfields.

 
"Fly Away Security is a certification that should carry a lot of weight — it is not for your average security forces member," said Air Force Staff Sgt. Taylor Davis, 673rd Security Forces Squadron noncommissioned officer in charge of small unmanned aircraft systems. "Here at [Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson], we hold the FAST to a higher standard, and we train them at a higher standard; we train them to win." 
 
During the course, students undergo combat and hands-on training. They work through real-world simulations, demonstrating skills they have learned throughout the week. Some of the training included peer-on-peer wrestling, baton evaluation and flightline training with a C-17 Globemaster III assigned to the 517th Airlift Squadron.

"We train our members to go out to these austere locations or airfields that do not have adequate security," said Air Force Tech. Sgt. Adam Stanley, 673rd Security Forces Squadron base defense noncommissioned officer in charge. "They have been trusted in protecting personnel and assets to provide a safer environment within their area of responsibility." 
 
The 673rd Security Forces Squadron conducts FAST training courses multiple times a year, not only for its own members but also for other Air Force units. They plan to expand the program to enhance security for airfields and aircraft.

Green to Gold: Alaska Guardsman Embarks on Path to Leadership

Sept. 26, 2025 | By Army Pfc. Azavyon McFarland, Alaska National Guard |

The leaves aren't the only thing changing in Alaska this fall. For Cadet Gabriel Gravel, an Alaska National Guardsman attending the University of Alaska Anchorage, transformation is also happening on his journey from enlisted soldier to officer candidate through the Army's Green to Gold program.

Gravel joined fellow ROTC cadets from his school, as well as the University of Alaska Fairbanks, for the annual joint fall field training exercise at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Sept. 17-20. During the multiday event, cadets were challenged with land navigation, patrolling and obstacle courses, all while developing the leadership traits needed to earn a commission. 

The Green to Gold program provides enlisted soldiers with the opportunity to pursue a college degree while preparing to become Army officers. For Gravel, the transition builds on years of exposure to the Army, first in Junior ROTC, then as an enlisted soldier before stepping into the cadet role. 

"When I was in JROTC, I talked to senior and retired officers — lieutenant colonels and majors," he said. "I picked their brains, and it led me toward something I wanted to do." 

Additionally, Gravel said his enlisted experience provides an advantage in ROTC training and defines the type of officer he wants to become.

"I want to be a humble officer [who] can work together with [noncommissioned officers]," he said. "Overall, officers' knowledge complements NCOs' skills." 

That perspective guided him through the field training exercise as he leaned on lessons learned from the enlisted side of the Army. The exercise reminded Gravel that leadership is about teamwork, not individual achievement.

"No matter how you think — it should end up with one common goal and you're all going to get it done together," he said. 

Gravel credits his peers for building his confidence, even when facing obstacles like the rope climb. 

"By the end of the [exercise], I was way more confident," he said. "Everybody trusted me more than I trusted myself." 

Looking back, Gravel said the experience reinforced both humility and resilience. He encourages other cadets to embrace the challenge. 

"Don't be afraid to embrace the suck," he said. "It might be raining, it might be 120 degrees, but the best thing is that you're doing it with other cadets next to you." 

Ultimately, for Gravel, the Green to Gold program is more than a path to a commission. It is a journey where lessons from enlisted service meet the challenges of officer training, shaping a leader who values trust, teamwork and courage. 

"They are going to rely on me, so I have to believe in myself to achieve the mission," he said. "No matter what, I'll always do what's necessary for both me and my battle buddies to accomplish our mission." 

U.S. Navy to Christen Future USS Louis H. Wilson Jr.

SEPT. 26, 2025 The U.S. Navy will christen the future USS Louis H. Wilson Jr. (DDG 126), during a ceremony at General Dynamics Bath Iron Works (BIW) on Saturday, September 27, at 10:30 a.m. (EST).

The principal address will be delivered by Commandant of the Marine Corps, Gen. Eric Smith; Additional speakers include Governor of Maine, Janet Mills; U.S. Senator of Maine Angus King; Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development, and Acquisition, Jason Potter; Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Integration of Capabilities and Resources, Vice Adm. Brad Skillman; Medal of Honor Recipient, Col. Harvey C. Barnum, Jr.; and President of General Dynamics Bath Iron Works, Chuck Krugh.

In a time-honored tradition, ship sponsors Janet Wilson Taylor, daughter of the namesake and Susan J. Rabern, former Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Financial Management and Comptroller, will christen the ship by breaking a bottle of sparkling wine across the bow.

The ship is named after Gen. Louis Hugh Wilson Jr., a World War II and Vietnam War veteran who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism during the Battle of Guam. Following his service in Vietnam, he served as the 26th Commandant of the Marine Corps from 1975 to 1979.

The christening of DDG 126 symbolizes the Navy's 250-year commitment to innovation and maritime dominance. From seabed to space, the Navy delivers power for peace – always ready to fight and win. This milestone marks the Navy's enduring legacy and commitment to shaping the future of maritime power.

Arleigh Burke-class Flight III destroyers feature the AN/SPY-6(V)1 Air and Missile Defense Radar and incorporate upgrades to the electrical power and cooling capacity plus additional associated changes to provide enhanced warfighting capability to the fleet. Future destroyers Harvey C. Barnum Jr. (DDG 124), Patrick Gallagher (DDG 127), William Charette (DDG 130), Quentin Walsh (DDG 132), John E. Kilmer (DDG 134), Richard G. Lugar (DDG 136), and J. William Middendorf (DDG 138) are also in production at BIW.

Media may direct queries to the Navy Office of Information at (703) 697-5342.