By Cheryl Pellerin, American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON (NNS) -- Increased risk to American forces in the
Pacific due to shrinking defense budgets, regional challenges and partnerships
and cyber capability were among the topics that Navy Adm. Samuel J. Locklear
III and Army Gen. Curtis M. Scaparrotti discussed yesterday before a Senate
panel.
Locklear, commander of U.S. Pacific Command, and
Scaparrotti, commander of U.S. Forces Korea, United Nations Command and
Combined Forces Command, testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee
on the posture of U.S. forces in the Asia-Pacific region.
Over the past year, Locklear told the panel, "we have
done our very best to remain ready to respond to crisis and contingency.
Although we have assumed greater risk, we have maintained focus on key aspects
of the rebalance to the Asia-Pacific."
These include strengthening Pacom's alliances and
partnerships, improving its posture and presence, and developing concepts and
capabilities required by the evolving security environment, the admiral said.
"We have done this against a backdrop of continued
physical and resource uncertainty and the resultant diminishing readiness and
availability of our joint force," Locklear added.
Other issues challenging PACOM's security environment
include the potential for large humanitarian assistance-disaster relief events,
an increasingly unpredictable North Korea, the escalation of complex
territorial disputes, and growing challenges to freedom of action in sea, air,
space and cyberspace, the admiral said.
He also cited as priorities for PACOM growing regional
transnational threats and significant challenges associated with China's
emergence as a global economic power and a regional military power.
"During the past year, we have been witness to all of
these challenges," he told the panel, "and our forces have been very
busy securing the peace and defending U.S. interests throughout over half the
globe."
On the topic of China and in response to questions from the
panel, Locklear discussed China's military capabilities and its
military-to-military relationship with the United States.
"We've known for some time that [China's] People's
Liberation Army has been pursuing [anti-access/area-denial, or A2AD]
technologies and capabilities that would allow them to potentially control
access in the areas around their borders, particularly in the sea space,"
the admiral said.
As a result, Locklear said, "we have for many years
built our security environment around aircraft carriers and forward bases with
our allies. We rely heavily on cyber and on space capabilities because we
operate a long distance from home and we rely on a long line of logistics
support necessary to being that far forward and to maintaining a peaceful
security environment."
The admiral said the A2AD capabilities being pursued by the
PLA go after, directly or indirectly, "what they perceive as potential
U.S. vulnerabilities, whether they ever intend to use them against us or
against an ally. The concern also is that these technologies will proliferate
and further complicate the global security environment."
Locklear agreed with a panel member who said that China's
efforts are underway to change the balance of power in at least the Western
Pacific.
China's maritime strategy is pretty clear, the admiral said.
"They don't hide it from anybody, and they have
certainly tailored their defense spending heavily in the maritime domain,"
he said, adding that he believes the Chinese announcement of a 12.2 percent
increase in defense spending is probably less than they are actually spending.
Still, Locklear added, "the Chinese military and the
growth of the military won't be a global competitor with U.S. security for a
number of decades, depending on how fast they spend and what they invest in.
The biggest concern is regionally, where they have the ability to influence the
outcome of events around many of our partners or allies [through] the defense
capabilities they're pursuing."
In terms of cyber, the admiral said there are many bad
actors in the cyber world, but that "we've known for some time that there
has been state-sponsored activity [in China] to try to ... get into defense
contractors' [networks] and then to work that backwards to either develop an
advantage or to better understand any vulnerabilities we may have."
The United States watches this very carefully, he said, and
is increasingly aware of such activities on a global scale.
"Because of the steps we're taking to build cyber
forces that are capable, to build on what I believe is our advantage in
cyberspace," the admiral said, "I believe we have a considerable
advantage compared to the rest of the main actors in the world, and that our
advantage is only going to increase as we put these capabilities in
place."
In the Asia-Pacific, Locklear said, the United States
guaranteed security there for many years and that stability helped the region's
economic rise including China's.
"So they are very much interested in our alliances, the
status of those alliances, the status of forces that we have there and the
capabilities of those forces, he said, adding, "In the long run, a
relationship between the U.S. and China, even a mil-to-mil relationship, is in
the best interests of everyone."
In his remarks to the panel, Scaparrotti focused on North
Korea, expressing confidence that Combined and Joint Forces of the United
States and South Korea are capable and ready to deter and if necessary respond
to North Korean threats and actions.
"Four years ago, North Korea fired a torpedo sinking
the South Korean ship Cheonan, killing 46 sailors," he said. "That
terrible day is a constant reminder that standing at freedom's frontier with
our Korean ally, we cannot allow ourselves to become complacent against an
unpredictable totalitarian regime."
The regime of Kim Jong Un is dangerous and has the
capability to attack South Korea with little or no warning, Scaparrotti added.
North Korea's military is the world's fourth-largest, with
more than 70 percent of its ground forces deployed along the Demilitarized
Zone. Its long-range artillery can strike targets in the Seoul metropolitan
area, where more than 23 million South Koreans and almost 50,000 Americans
live, the general said.
"In violation of multiple U.N. Security Council
resolutions, North Korea continues to develop nuclear arms and long-range
missiles," he said, "and it is aggressively investing in
cyber-warfare capabilities. North Korea brings risk to the world's
fastest-growing economic region, which is ... home to our largest trading
partners."
Against the North Korean threat, Scaparrotti said, the
United States is committed to the security of South Korea and to U.S. national
interests. The U.S. military presence is a key component of the nation's
rebalance to the Asia-Pacific region.
"In the spirit of this commitment, we are working
closely with the South Korean military to develop its capabilities and combined
[command, control, communications, computers and intelligence] systems, an
alliance countermissile defense strategy, and the procurement of
precision-guided munitions, ballistic missile defense systems and
[intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance] platforms," Scaparrotti
told the panel.
The general said readiness is his overarching priority, and
that to make sure U.S. Forces Korea is focused on the right things at the right
time, he's developed five priorities.
"First, sustain and strengthen the alliance," he
said. "Second, maintain the armistice to deter and defeat aggression and
be ready to fight tonight. Third, transform the alliance. Fourth, sustain force
and family readiness. And fifth, enhance the [United Nations Command, Combined
Forces Command and U.S. Forces Korea] team."
At the core of mission success is the close relationship the
United States shares with its South Korean partner, he said.
"We benefit from an important history forged on many
battlefields, shared sacrifices and democratic principles. Over the past 60
years, we've built one of the longest-standing alliances in modern
history," Scaparrotti added.
"We will continue to ensure a strong and effective
deterrence posture," the general said, "so that Pyongyang never
misjudges our role, our commitment or our capability to respond as an
alliance."
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