From Naval History and Heritage Command Communication and
Outreach Division
WASHINGTON (NNS) -- When it comes to working in a controlled
environment, it's not unusual to have special badges and keypad entries. For
Julie Kowalsky, safe-cracking skills come in handy.
Kowalsky, a curator with the Collections Management Division
(CMD) at the Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC), has hundreds of antique
and historical weapons locked in a temperature-controlled room behind a vault
door with a combination-spin lock. And sometimes the lock on that 1915 vault
door manufactured at York, Penn., can be a bit temperamental.
Behind that door are the most precious artifacts of the
collection Kowalsky manages at the storied Washington Navy Yard, the historic
small arms and ordnance vault.
Kowalsky unlocks a cabinet within the vault to show the
embossed pistols given to the crew of the nuclear-powered guided missile
cruiser USS Texas (CGN 39) for its Sept. 10, 1977 commissioning by former Navy
officer and future presidential candidate Ross Perot.
She slides open a drawer and a gold-plated AK-47 assault
rifle lies gleaming under the florescent lights. Made in Iraq, it was seized
during Operation Iraqi Freedom.
The room holds a variety of weaponry, from Civil War
pistols, Japanese ceramic grenades and ceremonial swords from famous admirals.
The staff does not have the facilities to allow the items to be shown to the
public, but they are available to researchers (by appointment). For now, the
curators are on a mission to re-catalog and photograph each item to allow the
public to see the items digitally online.
From Volunteer to Employee
History seems a natural path for Kowalsky, a native of
Pontarddulais, Wales. She met her future husband, Michael, an American working
for Lockheed-Martin, in Harrogate, North Yorkshire. Kowalsky moved to the U.S.
in 2000 where the couple married and settled in a rural area near Manassas, Va.
Kowalsky then received an internship reviewing transcripts
for users and workers at the 9/11 Family Assistance Center. One of her duties
was assisting Srandis "Randy" Papadopoulos, a historian at NHHC,
conduct oral interviews of Pentagon survivors for a Defense Studies Series
about the 9/11 attack on the Pentagon.
Kowalsky volunteered at NHHC in 2004 while working on her
master's degree in U.S. history at George Mason University. Five years later,
when a permanent position came open, Kowalsky joined the Collections Management
Division team, the curators responsible for cataloging and maintaining more
than 157,000 artifacts. They also keep track of artifacts in its robust loan
program like Adm. Isaac Hull's gold-embossed ceremonial sword from the War of
1812 and bells. Lots and lots of ships' bells.
"People are passionate about ships' bells,"
Kowalsky said.
But they don't always care for them properly. Her division's
tasks include making sure those organizations with NHHC ships' bells on display
properly care for them, and not put cement in the bell under the mistaken
assumption that would keep it intact, according to her colleague artifact loan
officer Constance Beninghove.
"There are more proactive ways of protecting it,"
she said.
If Kowalsky is seen scrolling through eBay during working
hours, it's probably because she received an alert that someone put a naval
artifact up for sale.
"It keeps us busy," Kowalsky said.
The CMD has been re-cataloging its artifacts to get a
digital update and picture of each artifact and to be sure they are stored
properly. It's a daunting task, but it has its perks.
Kowalsky was assigned to catalogue items in some old
Smithsonian cabinets that hadn't been touched since they were acquired in the
1960s. As she went through the drawers, she noticed a brown manila envelope and
opened it. Inside were two hand-written letters, dated 1789 and 1804, from
British Adm. Lord Horatio Nelson. One was a letter responding to a sailor who
had asked for a character reference, and another had the esteemed British naval
legend inquiring about prisoners of war.
"It was just the bees-knees," Kowalsky said.
"It's like it's always Christmas morning, unwrapping that present to see
what gift is inside."
Creating a Connection to History
After working within the general collection for several
years, she got the opportunity to work with the historic small arms collection
in 2011.
"I didn't know one gun from another, but I have since
learned," she admitted. "I liked the technology and the evolution of
weapons, and the social and cultural aspects of them as well."
One of those items tucked away in the artifact room is a
laptop that survived the 9/11 blast in the Pentagon. Its melted casing and
keyboard is a stark reminder about those who were lost during the three
attacks, of which 67 were British citizens working in the stricken World Trade
Center.
"It makes you reassess things," Kowalsky said of
the 9/11 artifacts, including a Pentagon clock that stopped at the moment of
impact. "Just looking at the security check list to know who checked in
and who didn't come out..."
One of the oldest weapons in the collection is a trophy
cannon called "San Bruno" on display in Leutze Park, a Spanish
6-pounder Saker cast by Andres Melendez in 1686. They have a collection of
machine guns that range almost from an early 1860s Gatling gun to that
gold-plated AK-47.
And perhaps the oddest-looking weapon: a Cold War-era
briefcase gun.
Kowalsky likes finding that connection from an artifact to
how it relates in history. Among her favorites are World War I-era British
Vickers and German Maxim machine guns because they are symbolic of the rapid
evolution in machine gun development, where significant strides in military
technology impacted the way war was conducted, forcing conventional methods and
strategies of warfare to be reinvented to take into account new technology.
"Being born in Britain and having a grandfather who
served in the First World War, the war still has a significant impact in the
consciousness of the country," Kowalsky said. "It was also a time of
significant social and cultural changes in Europe, so it is a fascinating time
period to study."
Kowalsky tells of cataloging a pair of curling tongs from
one of the two German sea raider ships Kronprinz Wilhelm and Prinz Eitel
Frederick, interned at Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth at the beginning of
World War I.
"Artifacts tell us the story of those ships held in
port," Kowalsky said. "The everyday objects are the historical
objects of tomorrow that inform our understanding of a time period long after
the people who lived through those times are gone. To see a tangible example of
history informs the viewer in ways a document or a photograph often fail to do
and can very often enlighten those trying to understand how something worked
and adds important context to historical documents."
During a tour for new employees, often part of her duties,
Kowalsky holds the cover (Navy-speak for hat) of Adm. "Bull" Halsey,
the last five-star fleet admiral, who gained fame during World War II. Her
research on Halsey earned him her admiration.
"He seemed like a 'to heck with convention, let's get
it done,' type of guy," Kowalsky said. "I would have liked to have
met him. I think we'd have something in common."
She developed another close connection to a 1907 United
States Naval Academy graduate while working on the collection of Olympic medals
that had been donated to the Naval Historical Foundation in 1967 by his widow.
Capt. Carl Osburn earned 11 medals -- five gold, four silver and two bronze --
in rifle marksmanship competition over three Olympics from 1912-24. He also had
a distinguished career in the Navy.
While conducting research, she found information that
described Capt. Osburn during his Naval Academy days as being "quiet,
reflective and a good listener," and one who was "never known to show
much excitement over anything." But it also reflected a sense of humor, in
that he "once made a speech of ten words, but as his roommate fainted, he
hasn't tried it since."
"I think he epitomizes the maxim slow and steady wins
the race," Kowalsky said. "He has a special place in my heart."
Osburn held the record for the most Olympic medals until
swimmer Mark Spitz tied it in 1972, with nine gold medals of the 11 he earned.
American swimmer Michael Phelps currently holds the title at 22 medals,
including 18 gold. After the 2014 Olympics, 90 years after Osburn won his last
medal, he still ranks 20th in the world among the top multiple-medal winners.
Kowalsky has found being a curator suits nicely with her
personality of "everything in its proper place," finding items that
had been misplaced and getting them back where they should be.
"At the end of the day, just knowing one more piece is
where it belongs and is OK, that is satisfying," she said.
The Naval History and Heritage Command, located at the
Washington Navy Yard, is responsible for the preservation, analysis, and
dissemination of U.S. naval history and heritage. It provides the knowledge
foundation for the Navy by maintaining historically relevant resources and
products that reflect the Navy's unique and enduring contributions through our
nation's history, and supports the Fleet by assisting with and delivering
professional research, analysis, and interpretive services.
NHHC is composed of many activities including the Navy
Department Library, the Navy Operational Archives, the Navy art and artifact
collections, underwater archeology, Navy histories, nine museums, USS
Constitution repair facility and the historic ship Nautilus.
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